A note on in-sample and out-of-sample tests for Granger causality

This paper studies in-sample and out-of-sample tests for Granger causality using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the out-of-sample tests may be more powerful than the in-sample tests when discrete structural breaks appear in time series data. Further, an empirical example investigating Taiwan's investment-saving relationship shows that Taiwan's domestic savings may be helpful in predicting domestic investments. It further illustrates that a possible Granger causal relationship is detected by out-of-sample tests while the in-sample test fails to reject the null of non-causality. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.