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Discriminación salarial en el mercado de los profesores en México en los años noventa

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  • García-Cosco, José Carlos

    (Instituo Politécnico Nacional)

Abstract

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar si existe discriminación salarial entre los profesores de México.1 Utilizaremos los microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (ene) y de la Encuesta Nacional de Educación, Capacitación y Empleo (enece) que publica el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (inegi) para los años de 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997 y 1999. Los resultados indican que las mujeres profesoras ganaban un salario promedio por hora menor que los hombres profesores en 1991, 1997 y 1999, manteniendo constante el nivel de escolaridad, nivel de enseñanza, experiencia laboral, tamaño de la escuela y capacitación. En 1991, el hombre profesor ganó 40% más que la mujer profesora; para 1999, la diferencia se redujo a 21%. En 1993 y 1995, la discriminación salarial fue estadísticamente no significativa. No se encontró evidencia empírica que indique que la discriminación salarial en contra de la mujer profesora sea mayor en el sector privado que en el público. Aunque elevada, consideramos que la discriminación salarial en contra de la mujer no es algo intrínseco a la profesión docente, pues a nivel nacional tal discriminación alcanza un promedio de 16%. Probablemente esta discriminación salarial es consecuencia de la posición social y familiar sexualmente diferenciada de la mujer en la sociedad./ This paper has as objective to show if salary discrimination exists among the professors from Mexico. We will use the microdata of the National Survey of Employment (ene, by its initials in Spanish) and the National Survey of Education Training and Employment (enece, by its initials in Spanish) that publishes the National Institute of Statistic, Geography and Computer Science (inegi, by its initials in Spanish) for the years of 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999. The obtained results indicate that the women teachers won less wage average per hour that the men professors in 1991, 1997 and 1999, maintaining constant the studies in school level, teaching level, labor experience, size of the school and training. In 1991, the man professor won 40% more than the woman teacher; by 1999, the difference decreased to 21%. In 1993 and 1995, the salary discrimination was statistically not significant. There was not empiric evidence that indicates that the salary discrimination against the women is bigger in the private sector than in the public. Although, we consider that the salary discrimination against the woman is not something intrinsic to the educational profession because at national level the discrimination reaches an average of 16%. Probably, this salary discrimination is consequence of the woman’s sexually differentiated social and family position in the society.

Suggested Citation

  • García-Cosco, José Carlos, 2008. "Discriminación salarial en el mercado de los profesores en México en los años noventa," eseconomía, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 0(18), pages 33-65, segundo t.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipn:esecon:v:iii:y:2008:i:18:p:33-65
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