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Operational and Cyber Risks in the Financial Sector

Author

Listed:
  • Iñaki Aldasoro

    (Bank for International Settlements)

  • Leonardo Gambacorta

    (Bank for International Settlements)

  • Paolo Giudici

    (University of Pavia)

  • Thomas Leach

    (University of Pavia)

Abstract

We use a unique cross-country data set at the loss event level to document the evolution and characteristics of banks’ operational risk. Operational value-at-risk varies substantially—from 6 percent to 12 percent of total gross income—depending on the method used, and shows a growing cyber risk component. It takes, on average, more than a year for operational losses to be discovered and recognized in the books. We show that operational losses depend on macroeconomic conditions and the regulatory environment. Periods of excessively accommodative monetary policy are followed by larger operational losses. Stronger supervision is associated with lower operational losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Iñaki Aldasoro & Leonardo Gambacorta & Paolo Giudici & Thomas Leach, 2023. "Operational and Cyber Risks in the Financial Sector," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 19(5), pages 340-402, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ijc:ijcjou:y:2023:q:5:a:8
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Md. Hamid Uddin & Md. Hakim Ali & Mohammad Kabir Hassan, 2020. "Cybersecurity hazards and financial system vulnerability: a synthesis of literature," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(4), pages 239-309, December.
    2. Aldasoro, Iñaki & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Giudici, Paolo & Leach, Thomas, 2022. "The drivers of cyber risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    3. Carletti, Elena & Claessens, Stijn & Fatás, Antonio & Vives, Xavier (ed.), 2020. "Barcelona Report 2 - The Bank Business Model in the Post-Covid-19 World," Vox eBooks, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number p329.
    4. Nenad Milojević & Srdjan Redzepagic, 2021. "Prospects of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Application in Banking Risk Management," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(3), pages 41-57.
    5. Rumyana Marinova, 2022. "Accounting Aspects of the Risk of Digital Payment Operations in Bulgarian Banks," Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series, Union of Scientists - Varna, Economic Sciences Section, vol. 11(2), pages 105-113, August.
    6. Eisenbach, Thomas M. & Kovner, Anna & Lee, Michael Junho, 2022. "Cyber risk and the U.S. financial system: A pre-mortem analysis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(3), pages 802-826.
    7. Sebastian Doerr & Leonardo Gambacorta & Thomas Leach & Bertrand Legros & David Whyte, 2022. "Cyber risk in central banking," BIS Working Papers 1039, Bank for International Settlements.
    8. Ajjima Jiravichai & Ruth Banomyong, 2022. "A Proposed Methodology for Literature Review on Operational Risk Management in Banks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, May.
    9. Cheng, Maoyong & Qu, Yang & Jiang, Chunxia & Zhao, Chenchen, 2022. "Is cloud computing the digital solution to the future of banking?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    10. Uddin, Md Hamid & Mollah, Sabur & Islam, Nazrul & Ali, Md Hakim, 2023. "Does digital transformation matter for operational risk exposure?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    11. Andrés Alonso Robisco & José Manuel Carbó Martínez, 2022. "Measuring the model risk-adjusted performance of machine learning algorithms in credit default prediction," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-35, December.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D5 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
    • D62 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Externalities
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods

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