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Pandemic Challenges for the Technological Startups in the Russian Regions

Author

Listed:
  • Stepan Zemtsov

    (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA))

  • Alexander Chepurenko

    (National Research University Higher School of Economics)

  • Alexander Mikhailov

    (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA))

Abstract

Technological startups help to adapt to the global risks and allow one to track future trends. This paper identifies the main trends and birth factors of new high-tech companies in the Russian regions during 2013-2020. In 2020, fewer than 10,000 startups were created, this number has been steadily declining (by 40% since 2015), especially during the pandemic (-21%). Most of the startups are concentrated in Moscow, the Moscow region, St Petersburg, and the largest metropolitan areas. The share of the Leningrad, Belgorod, Kaliningrad, Lipetsk, Ulyanovsk, and Kaluga regions is growing due to the proactive policies of local authorities. Most startups are associated with knowledge-intensive services for business (B2B) and digital technologies. In 2020, their number increased in pharmaceuticals (about 100%) and in the production of medical devices (by about 30%).Based on the results of econometric analysis, start-up activity in Russia, analogous to countries with an established market economy, depends upon human capital concentration, market access, and a favorable business climate. Universities, through attracting students, especially those in STEM specialties, stimulate startup creation; although the share of university startups does not exceed one third of a percent. Budgetary and university expenditures on R&D are ineffective in terms of creating new companies. The influence of development institutions on start-up activity was not found, while clusters and technology parks have a weak effect. The growth of startups is lower in regions with a predominance of large organizations, as well as in resource centers. The latter may be one of the manifestations of the “resource curse”. Startup activity is stable over time and depends on the situation in neighboring regions, which limits the chances to change the situation by means of entrepreneurship support policy. During the pandemic, start-up activity decreased minimally in regions with large metropolitan areas and a high level of education. Recommendations include tools for establishing a more balanced cross-regional situation by implementing the model of an entrepreneurial university, an expansion of start-ups’ access to capital and markets, and the regionalization of entrepreneurship policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Stepan Zemtsov & Alexander Chepurenko & Alexander Mikhailov, 2021. "Pandemic Challenges for the Technological Startups in the Russian Regions," Foresight and STI Governance (Foresight-Russia till No. 3/2015), National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 15(4), pages 61-77.
  • Handle: RePEc:hig:fsight:v:15:y:2021:i:4:p:61-77
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nurlan Kurmanov & Yerzhan Beisengaliyev & Marat Bayandin & Elmira Syzdykova & Madina Tolysbayeva, 2022. "Innovative Development of Kazakhstan s Raw Material (Oil and Gas) Regions: Multifactorial Model for Empirical Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(4), pages 131-140, July.
    2. Zemtsov, S., 2022. "Technological entrepreneurship as a development factor of Russia," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 53(1), pages 212-223.
    3. Anna Y. Stavniychuk & Olga À. Markova, 2023. "Acquire and leave”: Effects of startups acquisitions by digital ecosystems," Upravlenets, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 14(5), pages 83-105, November.
    4. S. Zemtsov & V. Barinova & R. Semenova & A. Mikhailov, 2022. "Entrepreneurship Policy and SME Development during Pandemic Crisis in Russia," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 321-334, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    high-tech sector; entrepreneurship; regional entrepreneurial ecosystem; Russia; entrepreneurial universities; development institutions; clusters; pandemic; COVID-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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