High Loggerhead ( Caretta caretta ) Bycatch Rate along with Several Endangered Target Species: Two Reasons to Look for Alternative to Traditional Large-Mesh Bottom-Set Gillnets (Garrasia) for More Sustainable Fisheries in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia)

Fishery bycatch poses a significant threat to sea turtles. This study provides an updated assessment of Loggerhead turtle ( Caretta caretta ) bycatch in the Gulf of Gabès, focusing on the impact of the Garrasia gillnets. Through 61 onboard observations conducted alongside fishermen in Zarzis deploying a bottom-set gillnet, called “Garrasia”, and targeting elasmobranch species, comprehensive data were collected, including the number of sea turtles captured, soak time, length of gillnets, location, and biometric data of sea turtles. Analysis revealed a catch per unit effort (CPUE) for sea turtles of 0.63 (95% CI [0.355–0.893]) turtles per kilometer per 24 h with a notably high mortality rate of 92.06% (95% CI [87.3–96.8]). In the Gulf of Gabès, 23 vessels are reported to use Garrasia, resulting in an estimated annual total capture of 3756.53 turtles with a 95% CI [1907.81–5902.30]. These findings underscore the significant impact of Garrasia on sea turtle populations in the Gulf of Gabès. The study calls for immediate collaborative efforts among researchers, local stakeholders, authorities and fishermen to elaborate balanced conservation strategies that consider both ecological sustainability and socio-economic factors, aiming to achieve a sustainable marine ecosystem.