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The Joint Forces of How to Live: Does Intellectual Capital Matter between Innovation and Financial Vulnerability?

Author

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  • Zeeshan Ahmed

    (Department of Accounting and Finance, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Huan Qiu

    (Else School of Management, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210, USA)

  • Yiwei Zhao

    (College of Business & Economics, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909, USA)

Abstract

Using a hand-collected sample of non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) over the period of 2011–2021, we examine the joint effect of intellectual capital and innovation on the financial vulnerability of a firm, which is an important risk factor that a firm may face in its operation. We first use the static fixed-effect panel model as our baseline regression model and find that the level of intellectual capital of a firm strengthens the positive effect of the adoption of product and market innovation on reducing the financial vulnerability of the firm. We also conduct additional analyses using alternative measures of financial vulnerability, as well as various regression models, and confirm that the results are robust under different scenarios. Overall, the results highlight the positive role of the intellectual capital, as well as the joint effect of intellectual capital and innovation, in mitigating the financial vulnerability faced by a firm and thus have academic and practical implications to academic researchers and practitioners.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeeshan Ahmed & Huan Qiu & Yiwei Zhao, 2024. "The Joint Forces of How to Live: Does Intellectual Capital Matter between Innovation and Financial Vulnerability?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:17:y:2024:i:2:p:47-:d:1327372
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    References listed on IDEAS

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