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Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Diabetes Mellitus in South Africa: Results from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)

Author

Listed:
  • Sibusiso Sifunda

    (Public Health, Societies and Belonging, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Anthony David Mbewu

    (School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa)

  • Musawenkosi Mabaso

    (Public Health, Societies and Belonging, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Thabang Manyaapelo

    (Social Science Core, Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele 3925, South Africa)

  • Ronel Sewpaul

    (Public Health, Societies and Belonging, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Justin Winston Morgan

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • Nigel Walsh Harriman

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • David R. Williams

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Department of African and African American Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA)

  • Sasiragha Priscilla Reddy

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
    The Centre for Critical Research on Race and Identity, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa)

Abstract

In South Africa, there are a limited number of population estimates of the prevalence of diabetes and its association with psychosocial factors. This study investigates the prevalence of diabetes and its psychosocial correlates in both the general South African population and the Black South African subpopulation using data from the SANHANES-1. Diabetes was defined as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5% or currently on diabetes treatment. Multivariate ordinary least squares and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with HbA1c and diabetes, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among participants who identified as Indian, followed by White and Coloured people, and lowest among Black South Africans. General population models indicated that being Indian, older aged, having a family history of diabetes, and being overweight and obese were associated with HbA1c and diabetes, and crowding was inversely associated with HbA1c and diabetes. HbA1c was inversely associated with being White, having higher education, and residing in areas with higher levels of neighborhood crime and alcohol use. Diabetes was positively associated with psychological distress. The study highlights the importance of addressing the risk factors of psychological distress, as well as traditional risk factors and social determinants of diabetes, in the prevention and control of diabetes at individual and population levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Sibusiso Sifunda & Anthony David Mbewu & Musawenkosi Mabaso & Thabang Manyaapelo & Ronel Sewpaul & Justin Winston Morgan & Nigel Walsh Harriman & David R. Williams & Sasiragha Priscilla Reddy, 2023. "Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Diabetes Mellitus in South Africa: Results from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:10:p:5798-:d:1145166
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Murray Leibbrandt & Ingrid Woolard & Arden Finn & Jonathan Argent, 2010. "Trends in South African Income Distribution and Poverty since the Fall of Apartheid," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 101, OECD Publishing.
    2. Razak M Gyasi & Bernard Obeng & Joseph Y Yeboah, 2020. "Impact of food insecurity with hunger on mental distress among community-dwelling older adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Alfred K. Mukong & Corné van Walbeek & Hana Ross, "undated". "Lifestyle and Income-related Inequality in Health in South Africa," Working Papers 677, Economic Research Southern Africa.
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