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Do Loneliness and Per Capita Income Combine to Increase the Pace of Biological Aging for Black Adults across Late Middle Age?

Author

Listed:
  • Steven R. H. Beach

    (Center for Family Research, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
    Department of Psychology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

  • Eric T. Klopack

    (Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA)

  • Sierra E. Carter

    (Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA)

  • Robert A. Philibert

    (College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

  • Ronald L. Simons

    (Department of Sociology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

  • Frederick X. Gibbons

    (Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Mei Ling Ong

    (Center for Family Research, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

  • Meg Gerrard

    (Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Man-Kit Lei

    (Department of Sociology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA)

Abstract

In a sample of 685 late middle-aged Black adults (M age at 2019 = 57.17 years), we examined the effects of loneliness and per capita income on accelerated aging using a newly developed DNA-methylation based index: the DunedinPACE. First, using linear, mixed effects regression in a growth curve framework, we found that change in DunedinPACE was dependent on age, with a linear model best fitting the data (b = 0.004, p < 0.001), indicating that average pace of change increased among older participants. A quadratic effect was also tested, but was non-significant. Beyond the effect of age, both change in loneliness (b = 0.009, p < 0.05) and change in per capita income (b = −0.016, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with change in DunedinPACE across an 11-year period, accounting for significant between person variability observed in the unconditional model. Including non-self-report indices of smoking and alcohol use did not reduce the association of loneliness or per capita income with DunedinPACE. However, change in smoking was strongly associated with change in DunedinPACE such that those reducing their smoking aged less rapidly than those continuing to smoke. In addition, both loneliness and per capita income were associated with DunedinPACE after controlling for variation in cell-types.

Suggested Citation

  • Steven R. H. Beach & Eric T. Klopack & Sierra E. Carter & Robert A. Philibert & Ronald L. Simons & Frederick X. Gibbons & Mei Ling Ong & Meg Gerrard & Man-Kit Lei, 2022. "Do Loneliness and Per Capita Income Combine to Increase the Pace of Biological Aging for Black Adults across Late Middle Age?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13421-:d:945078
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Man-Kit Lei & Ronald L Simons & Steven R H Beach & Robert A Philibert & Philippa Clarke, 2019. "Neighborhood Disadvantage and Biological Aging: Using Marginal Structural Models to Assess the Link Between Neighborhood Census Variables and Epigenetic Aging," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 74(7), pages 50-59.
    2. Andrea Gabrio & Catrin Plumpton & Sube Banerjee & Baptiste Leurent, 2022. "Linear mixed models to handle missing at random data in trial‐based economic evaluations," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(6), pages 1276-1287, June.
    3. Joseph N. Luchman, 2021. "Determining relative importance in Stata using dominance analysis: domin and domme," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 21(2), pages 510-538, June.
    4. Gerst-Emerson, K. & Jayawardhana, J., 2015. "Loneliness as a public health issue: The impact of loneliness on health care utilization among older adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(5), pages 1013-1019.
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