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Multimorbidity Patterns among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from Lima, Peru

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  • Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz

    (CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15074, Peru
    School of Medicine, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru)

  • Diego B. Borjas-Cavero

    (Hospital de Emergencias Villa El Salvador, Lima 15837, Peru)

  • Jimmy D. Páucar-Alfaro

    (Hospital de Emergencias Villa El Salvador, Lima 15837, Peru)

  • Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco

    (CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15074, Peru
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
    Universidad Continental, Lima 15046, Peru)

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic condition with a high disease burden worldwide, and individuals with T2DM often have other morbidities. Understanding the local multimorbidity profile of patients with T2DM will inform precision medicine and public health, so that tailored interventions can be offered according to the different profiles. Methods: An analysis was conducted of electronic health records (2016–2021) in one hospital in Lima, Peru. Based on ICD-10 codes and the available measurements (e.g., body mass index), we identified all T2DM cases and quantified the frequency of the most common comorbidities (those in ≥1% of the sample). We also conducted k-means analysis that was informed by the most frequent comorbidities, to identify clusters of patients with T2DM and other chronic conditions. Results: There were 9582 individual records with T2DM (mean age 58.6 years, 61.5% women). The most frequent chronic conditions were obesity (29.4%), hypertension (18.8%), dyslipidemia (11.3%), hypothyroidism (6.4%), and arthropathy (3.6%); and 51.6% had multimorbidity: 32.8% had only one, 14.1% had two, and 4.7% had three or more extra chronic conditions in addition to T2DM. The cluster analysis revealed four unique groups: T2DM with no other chronic disease, T2DM with obesity only, T2DM with hypertension but without obesity, and T2DM with all other chronic conditions. Conclusions: More than one in two people with T2DM had multimorbidity. Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were the most common chronic conditions that were associated with T2DM. Four clusters of chronic morbidities were found, signaling mutually exclusive profiles of patients with T2DM according to their multimorbidity profile.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz & Diego B. Borjas-Cavero & Jimmy D. Páucar-Alfaro & Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, 2022. "Multimorbidity Patterns among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from Lima, Peru," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9333-:d:876221
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anna Makles, 2012. "Stata tip 110: How to get the optimal k-means cluster solution," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 12(2), pages 347-351, June.
    2. Antonio Sarría-Santamera & Binur Orazumbekova & Tilektes Maulenkul & Abduzhappar Gaipov & Kuralay Atageldiyeva, 2020. "The Identification of Diabetes Mellitus Subtypes Applying Cluster Analysis Techniques: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-18, December.
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