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Lifestyle Medicine and Economics: A Proposal for Research Priorities Informed by a Case Series of Disease Reversal

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Listed:
  • Kara A. Livingston

    (American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA)

  • Kelly J. Freeman

    (Department of Member Engagement & Administration, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA
    School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA)

  • Susan M. Friedman

    (School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA)

  • Ron W. Stout

    (Ardmore Institute of Health, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA)

  • Liana S. Lianov

    (American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA
    Global Positive Health Institute, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA)

  • David Drozek

    (American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA
    Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Jamie Shallow

    (Bright Health Group, Minneapolis, MN 55437, USA)

  • Dexter Shurney

    (American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA
    BlueZones Well-Being Institute, Adventist Health, Roseville, CA 95661, USA)

  • Padmaja M. Patel

    (American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA
    Midland Health, Midland, TX 79703, USA)

  • Thomas M. Campbell

    (Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA)

  • Kaitlyn R. Pauly

    (Department of Member Engagement & Administration, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA)

  • Kathryn J. Pollard

    (Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA)

  • Micaela C. Karlsen

    (Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA)

Abstract

Chronic disease places an enormous economic burden on both individuals and the healthcare system, and existing fee-for-service models of healthcare prioritize symptom management, medications, and procedures over treating the root causes of disease through changing health behaviors. Value-based care is gaining traction, and there is a need for value-based care models that achieve the quadruple aim of (1) improved population health, (2) enhanced patient experience, (3) reduced healthcare costs, and (4) improved work life and decreased burnout of healthcare providers. Lifestyle medicine (LM) has the potential to achieve these four aims, including promoting health and wellness and reducing healthcare costs; however, the economic outcomes of LM approaches need to be better quantified in research. This paper demonstrates proof of concept by detailing four cases that utilized an intensive, therapeutic lifestyle intervention change (ITLC) to dramatically reverse disease and reduce healthcare costs. In addition, priorities for lifestyle medicine economic research related to the components of quadruple aim are proposed, including conducting rigorously designed research studies to adequately measure the effects of ITLC interventions, modeling the potential economic cost savings enabled by health improvements following lifestyle interventions as compared to usual disease progression and management, and examining the effects of lifestyle medicine implementation upon different payment models.

Suggested Citation

  • Kara A. Livingston & Kelly J. Freeman & Susan M. Friedman & Ron W. Stout & Liana S. Lianov & David Drozek & Jamie Shallow & Dexter Shurney & Padmaja M. Patel & Thomas M. Campbell & Kaitlyn R. Pauly & , 2021. "Lifestyle Medicine and Economics: A Proposal for Research Priorities Informed by a Case Series of Disease Reversal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11364-:d:667600
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thiago Veiga Jardim & Dariush Mozaffarian & Shafika Abrahams-Gessel & Stephen Sy & Yujin Lee & Junxiu Liu & Yue Huang & Colin Rehm & Parke Wilde & Renata Micha & Thomas A Gaziano, 2019. "Cardiometabolic disease costs associated with suboptimal diet in the United States: A cost analysis based on a microsimulation model," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(12), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Vanesa Bellou & Lazaros Belbasis & Ioanna Tzoulaki & Evangelos Evangelou, 2018. "Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(3), pages 1-27, March.
    3. John Cawley & Chad Meyerhoefer & Adam Biener & Mette Hammer & Neil Wintfeld, 2015. "Savings in Medical Expenditures Associated with Reductions in Body Mass Index Among US Adults with Obesity, by Diabetes Status," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 33(7), pages 707-722, July.
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