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Optimal N Application Rates on Switchgrass for Producers and a Biorefinery

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  • Keven Alan Robertson

    (Pilot Flying J, Corporate Office, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA)

  • Burton C. English

    (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA)

  • Christopher D. Clark

    (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA)

  • Jada M. Thompson

    (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA)

  • Kimberly L. Jensen

    (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA)

  • Robert Jamey Menard

    (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA)

  • Nicole Labbé

    (Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA)

Abstract

This study analyzes the effects of N fertilizer application rates on profitability of growing switchgrass and using the feedstock in a pyrolysis biorefinery facility to create a source of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) supply in Tennessee. Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial bunchgrass native to North America with traits suitable for biofuel and co-product production. Previous chemical analysis has shown that ash content in switchgrass is related to the amount of nitrogen applied to the field, while at the biorefinery level, the percentage ash content reduces the biorefinery fuel output. To obtain optimal nitrogen ( N ) application rates for the switchgrass producers and the biorefinery, a two-part analysis is employed. First, a partial budgeting profitability analysis is conducted for this cropping enterprise at the farm-gate level without considering downstream implications of biomass quality, i.e., ash content. Second, the effects of higher ash content as a percentage of the feedstock on biorefinery output are analyzed. Results show farm-gate profit is maximized when N fertilizer is applied at 111 kg/ha, while as a result of increased production levels and decreased percentage ash content, biorefinery profit is maximized when N is applied at 157 kg/ha. Lower ash could lead to premium prices paid to switchgrass producers if higher quality feedstock were to be demanded as part of an integrated biofuel industry.

Suggested Citation

  • Keven Alan Robertson & Burton C. English & Christopher D. Clark & Jada M. Thompson & Kimberly L. Jensen & Robert Jamey Menard & Nicole Labbé, 2021. "Optimal N Application Rates on Switchgrass for Producers and a Biorefinery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:7912-:d:687639
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhong, Jia & Yu, T. Edward & Larson, James A. & English, Burton C. & Fu, Joshua S. & Calcagno, James, 2016. "Analysis of environmental and economic tradeoffs in switchgrass supply chains for biofuel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 791-803.
    2. Mahmoudan, Alireza & Samadof, Parviz & Hosseinzadeh, Siamak & Garcia, Davide Astiaso, 2021. "A multigeneration cascade system using ground-source energy with cold recovery: 3E analyses and multi-objective optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
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    5. Li, Xian & Chen, Jialing & Sun, Xiangyu & Zhao, Yao & Chong, Clive & Dai, Yanjun & Wang, Chi-Hwa, 2021. "Multi-criteria decision making of biomass gasification-based cogeneration systems with heat storage and solid dehumidification of desiccant coated heat exchangers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
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