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A systematic literature review of money mule: its roles, recruitment and awareness

Author

Listed:
  • Mohd Irwan Abdul Rani
  • Sharifah Nazatul Faiza Syed Mustapha Nazri
  • Salwa Zolkaflil

Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to provide a systematic literature review (SLR) on contemporary cardinal money mule issues. Design/methodology/approach - This paper reviews the most common money mule themes in perpetrating financial crime activities, especially its roles, recruitment and awareness. A systematic review protocol called preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols is adopted for this study. Findings - Money mules are used by organized criminal groups (OCG) or fraudster to launder illicit funds from outrageous criminal activities. They allow their accounts to be used for money laundering by OCG. The attacker, OCG or fraudsters would layer the stolen funds using money mule accounts. These money mules are recruited using various approaches, oftentimes deceived by opulent lifestyles to captivate the interest of potential money mules. Originality/value - This paper presents money mule awareness needed by accountant, bank employees and the society. It is an unprecedented SLR on money mule. This paper will be beneficial for future money mule researchers, enforcement agencies and practitioners in banking industry.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohd Irwan Abdul Rani & Sharifah Nazatul Faiza Syed Mustapha Nazri & Salwa Zolkaflil, 2023. "A systematic literature review of money mule: its roles, recruitment and awareness," Journal of Financial Crime, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 31(2), pages 347-361, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:jfcpps:jfc-10-2022-0243
    DOI: 10.1108/JFC-10-2022-0243
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