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The effect of market structure, regulation, and risk on banks efficiency

Author

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  • Aktham I. Maghyereh
  • Basel Awartani

Abstract

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency performance of the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) banking sector. The primary focus is to assess whether market power, risk taking activities, and regulations have significant effects on GCC banks’ efficiency performance. Design/methodology/approach - – The estimation and inference has been implemented using a double bootstrap procedure that simultaneously corrects for bias and validates inference on the influence of covariates. In the first stage, efficiency scores are estimated with data envelopment analysis (DEA). In the second stage, variation in the resulting efficiency scores is explained using a truncated regression model with inference based on a semi-parametric bootstrap routine. Findings - – The authors found compelling evidence that efficiency is not independent of the market structure, the bank's risk taking activities, and the regulatory environment. In particular, the Lerner Index provides evidence that market power decreases efficiency. The capital adequacy, the supervisory power and the market discipline were all found to improve efficiency. Additionally, when the risk is measured by theZ-Score or even by the ratio of non-performing loans to total loans, it adversely affects efficiency. Research limitations/implications - – The results of the current study have important implications for regulators and supervisors. Promoting banks’ competitive environment in the GCC countries through reducing the information barriers to entry, encouraging bank privatization, and lowering the activities restrictions can potentially improve operational efficiency of banks. Also enhancing banks’ diversification activities and risk management techniques may have the advantage of increasing operational efficiency. Furthermore, improvements in the regulatory conditions that enhance banking supervision and monitoring would also improve efficiency. Originality/value - – The main contributions of the paper are threefold: first, to the knowledge, this study is the first to employ by far the most comprehensive data set of GCC banks investigated to date. Second, the analysis focusses on the influence of a wide set of factors, most of them was not covered before in related economic literature on bank efficiency of the GCC countries. Third, the methodological innovation involves applying a double bootstrap procedure proposed by Simar and Wilson (2007).

Suggested Citation

  • Aktham I. Maghyereh & Basel Awartani, 2014. "The effect of market structure, regulation, and risk on banks efficiency," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 41(3), pages 405-430, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:eme:jespps:v:41:y:2014:i:3:p:405-430
    DOI: 10.1108/JES-05-2012-0067
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ikram Ullah Khan & Sadaqat Ali & Habib Nawaz Khan, 2018. "Market Concentration, Risk-taking, and Efficiency of Commercial Banks in Pakistan: An Application of the Two-Stage Double Bootstrap DEA," Business & Economic Review, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, vol. 10(2), pages 65-96, June.
    2. Abdulazeez Y.H. Saif-Alyousfi & Rohani Md-Rus & Kamarun Nisham Taufil Mohd, 2018. "Oil Price and Banking Sectors in Gulf Cooperation Council Economies before and after the Global Financial Turmoil: Descriptive Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(6), pages 89-101.
    3. Saleh, Ali Salman & Moradi-Motlagh, Amir & Zeitun, Rami, 2020. "What are the drivers of inefficiency in the Gulf Cooperation Council banking industry? A comparison between conventional and Islamic banks," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    4. Saif-Alyousfi, Abdulazeez Y.H. & Saha, Asish & Md-Rus, Rohani, 2020. "The impact of bank competition and concentration on bank risk-taking behavior and stability: Evidence from GCC countries," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    5. Nupur Moni Das & Bhabani Sankar Rout, 2020. "Banks’ capital adequacy ratio: a panacea or placebo," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 47(3), pages 303-318, September.
    6. Adesina, Kolade Sunday, 2019. "Bank technical, allocative and cost efficiencies in Africa: The influence of intellectual capital," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 419-433.
    7. Saif-Alyousfi, Abdulazeez Y.H. & Saha, Asish & Md-Rus, Rohani & Taufil-Mohd, Kamarun Nisham, 2021. "Do oil and gas price shocks have an impact on bank performance?," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    8. Maghyereh, Aktham & Abdoh, Hussein & Al-Shboul, Mohammad, 2022. "Oil structural shocks, bank-level characteristics, and systemic risk: Evidence from dual banking systems," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(4).

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