IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/techno/v125y2023ics0166497223000809.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Resource re-orchestration and firm survival in crisis periods: The role of business models of technology MNEs during COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Attah-Boakye, Rexford
  • Adams, Kweku
  • Hernandez-Perdomo, Elvis
  • Yu, Honglan
  • Johansson, Jeaneth

Abstract

Using data from world-leading digital-driven/technology multinational enterprises (DTMNEs), we draw from the resource orchestration theory to investigate the associations between business model (BM) drivers and firm performance during crisis periods. Drawing on data from the COVID-19 pandemic period, we deploy diverse analytical approaches including multivariate linear regressions and aggregated composite index statistical methods in examining how the BMs of our sampled DTMNEs drive firm performance. Our study highlights six methodological approaches that can be utilised by decision-makers in examining which variables in their BM drive better firm performance. Our findings revealed that the principal component analysis and multicriteria decision analysis (PROMETHEE methods) that espouse the use of aggregate composite index can provide significant and consistent predictive results in comparison to the traditional linear methods when examining the association between BM and firm performance during crisis periods. The paper provides policy and managerial implications on how firms and decision-makers can bolster business continuity, resilience, and plasticity by using analytical lenses that identify optimum resource orchestration during crises.

Suggested Citation

  • Attah-Boakye, Rexford & Adams, Kweku & Hernandez-Perdomo, Elvis & Yu, Honglan & Johansson, Jeaneth, 2023. "Resource re-orchestration and firm survival in crisis periods: The role of business models of technology MNEs during COVID-19," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:techno:v:125:y:2023:i:c:s0166497223000809
    DOI: 10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102769
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166497223000809
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102769?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vatankhah, Sanaz & Bamshad, Vahideh & Altinay, Levent & De Vita, Glauco, 2023. "Understanding business model development through the lens of complexity theory: Enablers and barriers," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PA).
    2. Alessandra Tognazzo & Paolo Gubitta & Saverio Dave Favaron, 2016. "Does slack always affect resilience? A study of quasi-medium-sized Italian firms," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(9-10), pages 768-790, October.
    3. Rubini, Loris, 2014. "Innovation and the trade elasticity," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 32-46.
    4. Sascha Kraus & Matthias Filser & Kaisu Puumalainen & Norbert Kailer & Selina Thurner, 2020. "Business Model Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review," International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 17(06), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Glenn MacDonald & Michael D. Ryall, 2004. "How Do Value Creation and Competition Determine Whether a Firm Appropriates Value?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(10), pages 1319-1333, October.
    6. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2j87pv5ou185f980qgrpf9net0 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Nasiri, Mina & Ukko, Juhani & Saunila, Minna & Rantala, Tero, 2020. "Managing the digital supply chain: The role of smart technologies," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 96.
    8. De Keyser, Wim & Peeters, Peter, 1996. "A note on the use of PROMETHEE multicriteria methods," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(3), pages 457-461, March.
    9. Clint Chadwick & Janice F. Super & Kiwook Kwon, 2015. "Resource orchestration in practice: CEO emphasis on SHRM, commitment-based HR systems, and firm performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(3), pages 360-376, March.
    10. Bhatti, Sabeen Hussain & Santoro, Gabriele & Khan, Jabran & Rizzato, Fabio, 2021. "Antecedents and consequences of business model innovation in the IT industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 389-400.
    11. Queiroz, Maciel M. & Fosso Wamba, Samuel & Chiappetta Jabbour, Charbel Jose & Machado, Marcio C., 2022. "Supply chain resilience in the UK during the coronavirus pandemic: A resource orchestration perspective," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    12. Kohtamäki, Marko & Parida, Vinit & Patel, Pankaj C. & Gebauer, Heiko, 2020. "The relationship between digitalization and servitization: The role of servitization in capturing the financial potential of digitalization," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    13. Pereira, Vijay & Budhwar, Pawan & Temouri, Yama & Malik, Ashish & Tarba, Shlomo, 2021. "Investigating Investments in agility strategies in overcoming the global financial crisis - The case of Indian IT/BPO offshoring firms," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1).
    14. Yuri Mishina & Timothy G. Pollock & Joseph F. Porac, 2004. "Are more resources always better for growth? Resource stickiness in market and product expansion," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(12), pages 1179-1197, December.
    15. Bertrand Moingeon & Muhammad Yunus & Laurence Lehmann-Ortega, 2010. "Building Social Business Models: Lessons from the Grameen Experience," Post-Print hal-00528385, HAL.
    16. Ancillai, Chiara & Sabatini, Andrea & Gatti, Marco & Perna, Andrea, 2023. "Digital technology and business model innovation: A systematic literature review and future research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    17. Sjödin, David & Parida, Vinit & Palmié, Maximilian & Wincent, Joakim, 2021. "How AI capabilities enable business model innovation: Scaling AI through co-evolutionary processes and feedback loops," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 574-587.
    18. Ricarda B. Bouncken & Sascha Kraus & Norat Roig-Tierno, 2021. "Knowledge- and innovation-based business models for future growth: digitalized business models and portfolio considerations," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, January.
    19. James E Clarke & Peter W Liesch, 2017. "Wait-and-see strategy: Risk management in the internationalization process model," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(8), pages 923-940, October.
    20. Almamy, Jeehan & Aston, John & Ngwa, Leonard N., 2016. "An evaluation of Altman's Z-score using cash flow ratio to predict corporate failure amid the recent financial crisis: Evidence from the UK," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 278-285.
    21. Budler, Marko & Župič, Ivan & Trkman, Peter, 2021. "The development of business model research: A bibliometric review," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 480-495.
    22. Ramli, Azizul Azhar & Watada, Junzo & Pedrycz, Witold, 2011. "Real-time fuzzy regression analysis: A convex hull approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 210(3), pages 606-617, May.
    23. Fariss–Terry Mousa & Richard Reed, 2013. "The Impact of Slack Resources on High–Tech IPOs," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(5), pages 1123-1147, September.
    24. Kimani, Danson & Adams, Kweku & Attah-Boakye, Rexford & Ullah, Subhan & Frecknall-Hughes, Jane & Kim, Ja, 2020. "Blockchain, business and the fourth industrial revolution: Whence, whither, wherefore and how?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    25. Rita Gunther McGrath & Atul Nerkar, 2004. "Real options reasoning and a new look at the R&D investment strategies of pharmaceutical firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(1), pages 1-21, January.
    26. Chatterjee, Sheshadri & Chaudhuri, Ranjan & González, Vanessa Izquierdo & Kumar, Ajay & Singh, Sanjay Kumar, 2022. "Resource integration and dynamic capability of frontline employee during COVID-19 pandemic: From value creation and engineering management perspectives," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    27. Huayu Shen & Mengyao Fu & Hongyu Pan & Zhongfu Yu & Yongquan Chen, 2020. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Firm Performance," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(10), pages 2213-2230, August.
    28. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/nki2gcedn93280ns6fslbhdnm is not listed on IDEAS
    29. Stuart Evans & Homa Bahrami, 2020. "Super-Flexibility in Practice: Insights from a Crisis," Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Springer;Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management, vol. 21(3), pages 207-214, September.
    30. Huikkola, Tuomas & Kohtamäki, Marko & Ylimäki, Juho, 2022. "Becoming a smart solution provider: Reconfiguring a product manufacturer's strategic capabilities and processes to facilitate business model innovation," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    31. Justin Tan & Mike W. Peng, 2003. "Organizational slack and firm performance during economic transitions: two studies from an emerging economy," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(13), pages 1249-1263, December.
    32. MIYAKAWA Daisuke & MIYAUCHI Yuhei & Christian PEREZ, 2017. "Forecasting Firm Performance with Machine Learning: Evidence from Japanese firm-level data," Discussion papers 17068, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    33. Matthias Breier & Andreas Kallmuenzer & Thomas Clauss & Johanna Gast & Sascha Kraus & Victor Tiberius, 2021. "The role of business model innovation in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 crisis," Post-Print hal-03514806, HAL.
    34. Vincenzo Basile & Nunzia Capobianco & Roberto Vona, 2021. "The usefulness of sustainable business models: Analysis from oil and gas industry," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(6), pages 1801-1821, November.
    35. Hanin Hosni & Henk Kievit & Periklis D. Drakos & George Angelakis & Gert van Dijk, 2018. "Measuring Tourist Attitudes and Consumer Behavior," International Journal of Food and Beverage Manufacturing and Business Models (IJFBMBM), IGI Global, vol. 3(2), pages 29-41, July.
    36. Zafar Husain & Annayath Maqbool & Abid Haleem & R. D. Pathak & Danny Samson, 2021. "Analyzing the business models for circular economy implementation: a fuzzy TOPSIS approach," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 256-271, December.
    37. Peruchi, Diego Falcão & de Jesus Pacheco, Diego Augusto & Todeschini, Bruna Villa & ten Caten, Carla Schwengber, 2022. "Moving towards digital platforms revolution? Antecedents, determinants and conceptual framework for offline B2B networks," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 344-363.
    38. Matthias Filser & Sascha Kraus & Matthias Breier & Ioanna Nenova & Kaisu Puumalainen, 2021. "Business model innovation: Identifying foundations and trajectories," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 891-907, February.
    39. Charlotte Wendt & Martin Adam & Alexander Benlian & Sascha Kraus, 2022. "Let’s Connect to Keep the Distance: How SMEs Leverage Information and Communication Technologies to Address the COVID-19 Crisis," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1061-1079, August.
    40. L. Robin Keller & Craig W. Kirkwood, 1999. "The Founding of INFORMS: A Decision Analysis Perspective," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 47(1), pages 16-28, February.
    41. Chirumalla, Koteshwar, 2021. "Building digitally-enabled process innovation in the process industries: A dynamic capabilities approach," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    42. Harry Bouwman & Mark Reuver & Marikka Heikkilä & Erwin Fielt, 2020. "Business model tooling: where research and practice meet," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 30(3), pages 413-419, September.
    43. Latifi, Mohammad-Ali & Nikou, Shahrokh & Bouwman, Harry, 2021. "Business model innovation and firm performance: Exploring causal mechanisms in SMEs," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    44. Rebecca Henderson & Iain Cockburn, 1994. "Measuring Competence? Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(S1), pages 63-84, December.
    45. Klaus Desmet & Stephen L. Parente, 2010. "Bigger Is Better: Market Size, Demand Elasticity, And Innovation," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 51(2), pages 319-333, May.
    46. Mr. Martin Cihak, 2007. "Introduction to Applied Stress Testing," IMF Working Papers 2007/059, International Monetary Fund.
    47. Davide Settembre-Blundo & Rocío González-Sánchez & Sonia Medina-Salgado & Fernando E. García-Muiña, 2021. "Flexibility and Resilience in Corporate Decision Making: A New Sustainability-Based Risk Management System in Uncertain Times," Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Springer;Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management, vol. 22(2), pages 107-132, December.
    48. Bambang Jatmiko & Hafiez Sofyani & Wahyu Manuhara Putra, 2022. "The IT resource orchestration and performance during the pandemic: evidence from higher education institutions," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 2148333-214, December.
    49. Margaret A. Peteraf & Jay B. Barney, 2003. "Unraveling the resource-based tangle," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(4), pages 309-323.
    50. Shafer, Scott M. & Smith, H. Jeff & Linder, Jane C., 2005. "The power of business models," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 199-207.
    51. Hernandez-Perdomo, Elvis & Guney, Yilmaz & Rocco, Claudio M., 2019. "A reliability model for assessing corporate governance using machine learning techniques," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 220-231.
    52. Sarah Cheah & Yuen-Ping Ho & Shiyu Li, 2018. "Business Model Innovation for Sustainable Performance in Retail and Hospitality Industries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-14, October.
    53. Christoph Zott & Raphael Amit, 2007. "Business Model Design and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 18(2), pages 181-199, April.
    54. Mariani, Marcello M. & Machado, Isa & Nambisan, Satish, 2023. "Types of innovation and artificial intelligence: A systematic quantitative literature review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PB).
    55. Behzadian, Majid & Kazemzadeh, R.B. & Albadvi, A. & Aghdasi, M., 2010. "PROMETHEE: A comprehensive literature review on methodologies and applications," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 200(1), pages 198-215, January.
    56. Yilmaz Guney & Elvis Hernandez-Perdomo & Claudio M. Rocco, 2020. "Does relative strength in corporate governance improve corporate performance? Empirical evidence using MCDA approach," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 71(10), pages 1593-1618, October.
    57. David G. Sirmon & Michael A. Hitt, 2009. "Contingencies within dynamic managerial capabilities: interdependent effects of resource investment and deployment on firm performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(13), pages 1375-1394, December.
    58. Amitava Roy, 2016. "Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: A Study of Indian Listed Firms," Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research, , vol. 15(1), pages 31-46, June.
    59. Amit, Raphael & Zott, Christoph, 2010. "Business model innovation: Creating value in times of change," IESE Research Papers D/870, IESE Business School.
    60. Sjödin, David & Parida, Vinit & Kohtamäki, Marko & Wincent, Joakim, 2020. "An agile co-creation process for digital servitization: A micro-service innovation approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 478-491.
    61. Ferreras-Méndez, José Luis & Olmos-Peñuela, Julia & Salas-Vallina, Andrés & Alegre, Joaquín, 2021. "Entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance in SMEs: The mediating role of business model innovation," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    62. Lee, Seung-Hyun & Makhija, Mona & Paik, Yongsun, 2008. "The value of real options investments under abnormal uncertainty: The case of the Korean economic crisis," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 16-34, January.
    63. Linde, Lina & Sjödin, David & Parida, Vinit & Wincent, Joakim, 2021. "Dynamic capabilities for ecosystem orchestrationA capability-based framework for smart city innovation initiatives," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    64. Lyda S. Bigelow & Jay B. Barney, 2021. "What can Strategy Learn from the Business Model Approach?," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(2), pages 528-539, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ancillai, Chiara & Sabatini, Andrea & Gatti, Marco & Perna, Andrea, 2023. "Digital technology and business model innovation: A systematic literature review and future research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    2. Paiola, Marco & Schiavone, Francesco & Grandinetti, Roberto & Chen, Junsong, 2021. "Digital servitization and sustainability through networking: Some evidences from IoT-based business models," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 507-516.
    3. Iheanachor, Nkemdilim & David-West, Yinka & Umukoro, Immanuel Ovemeso, 2021. "Business model innovation at the bottom of the pyramid – A case of mobile money agents," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 96-107.
    4. Sjödin, David & Parida, Vinit & Kohtamäki, Marko, 2023. "Artificial intelligence enabling circular business model innovation in digital servitization: Conceptualizing dynamic capabilities, AI capacities, business models and effects," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    5. Mancuso, Ilaria & Messeni Petruzzelli, Antonio & Panniello, Umberto, 2023. "Innovating agri-food business models after the Covid-19 pandemic: The impact of digital technologies on the value creation and value capture mechanisms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    6. Patrick Spieth & Svenja Meissner Née Schuchert, 2018. "Business Model Innovation Alliances: How To Open Business Models For Cooperation," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(04), pages 1-26, May.
    7. Meena Madhavan & Mohammed Ali Sharafuddin & Thanapong Chaichana, 2022. "Impact of Business Model Innovation on Sustainable Performance of Processed Marine Food Product SMEs in Thailand—A PLS-SEM Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-33, August.
    8. Kristina Stoiber & Kurt Matzler & Julia Hautz, 2023. "Ambidextrous structures paving the way for disruptive business models: a conceptual framework," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1439-1485, May.
    9. Josep M. Argilés-Bosch & Josep Garcia-Blandón & Diego Ravenda & Mónica Martínez-Blasco, 2018. "An empirical analysis of the curvilinear relationship between slack and firm performance," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 361-397, December.
    10. Deon Montasser & Ruslan Prijadi & Tengku Ezni Balqiah, 2023. "The Mediating Effect of IT-Enabled Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Readiness on the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Digital Business Model Innovation: Evidence From Indone," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, June.
    11. Belussi, Fiorenza & Orsi, Luigi & Savarese, Maria, 2019. "Mapping Business Model Research: A Document Bibliometric Analysis," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(3).
    12. Landoni, Paolo & Dell’era, Claudio & Frattini, Federico & Messeni Petruzzelli, Antonio & Verganti, Roberto & Manelli, Luca, 2020. "Business model innovation in cultural and creative industries: Insights from three leading mobile gaming firms," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 92.
    13. Matthias Filser & Sascha Kraus & Matthias Breier & Ioanna Nenova & Kaisu Puumalainen, 2021. "Business model innovation: Identifying foundations and trajectories," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 891-907, February.
    14. Payam Hanafizadeh & Mohammad Mehrabioun & Kambiz Badie & Jahanyar Bamdad Soofi, 2018. "A Systemic Framework for Business Model Design and Development -Part A: Theorizing Perspective," Systemic Practice and Action Research, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 437-461, August.
    15. Mora, Luca & Gerli, Paolo & Ardito, Lorenzo & Messeni Petruzzelli, Antonio, 2023. "Smart city governance from an innovation management perspective: Theoretical framing, review of current practices, and future research agenda," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    16. Göran Roos, 2014. "Business Model Innovation to Create and Capture Resource Value in Future Circular Material Chains," Resources, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-27, March.
    17. Huang, Yi-Chun & Chen, Chih Ta, 2022. "Exploring institutional pressures, firm green slack, green product innovation and green new product success: Evidence from Taiwan's high-tech industries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    18. Shen, Lei & Sun, Wanqin & Parida, Vinit, 2023. "Consolidating digital servitization research: A systematic review, integrative framework, and future research directions," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    19. Baoliang Hu & Tao Zhang & Shuai Yan, 2020. "How Corporate Social Responsibility Influences Business Model Innovation: The Mediating Role of Organizational Legitimacy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, March.
    20. Godoy-Bejarano, Jesús M. & Ruiz-Pava, Guillermo A. & Téllez-Falla, Diego F., 2020. "Environmental complexity, slack, and firm performance," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:techno:v:125:y:2023:i:c:s0166497223000809. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01664972 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.