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Why and where do headquarters move?

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Author Info
Strauss-Kahn, Vanessa
Vives, Xavier

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Abstract

This paper analyzes decisions regarding the location of headquarters in the U.S. for the period 1996-2001. Using a unique [fi]rm-level database of about 30,000 U.S. headquarters, we study the [fi]rm- and location-speci[fi]c characteristics of headquarters that relocated over that period. Headquarters are concentrated, increasingly so in medium-sized service-oriented metropolitan areas, and the rate of relocation is signi[fi]cant (5% a year). Larger (in terms of sales) and younger headquarters tend to relocate more often, as well as larger (in terms of the number of headquarters) and foreign [fi]rms, and [fi]rms that are the outcome of a merger. Headquarters relocate to metropolitan areas with good airport facilities--with a dramatic impact, low corporate taxes, low average wages, high level of business services, same industry specialization, and agglomeration of headquarters in the same sector of activity--with all agglomeration variables having an important and signi[fi]cant impact.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Elsevier in its journal Regional Science and Urban Economics.

Volume (Year): 39 (2009)
Issue (Month): 2 (March)
Pages: 168-186
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Handle: RePEc:eee:regeco:v:39:y:2009:i:2:p:168-186

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Related research
Keywords: Agglomeration externalities Business services Communication costs Congestion Corporate history Mergers Nested logit Airport Taxes Regional policy;

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References listed on IDEAS
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Helge Berger & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher, 2006. "Forecasting ECB Monetary Policy: Accuracy Is (Still) a Matter of Geography," IMF Working Papers 06/41, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Miguel C. Manjon-Antolin & Josep Maria Arauzo-Carod, 2006. "Locations and Relocations: Modelling, Determinants, and Interrelations," ERSA conference papers ersa06p33, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  3. Helge Berger & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher, 2006. "Geography or skills - What explains Fed watchers’ forecast accuracy of US monetary policy?," Working Paper Series 695, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Fabrice Defever, 2006. "Functional fragmentation and the location of multinational firms in the enlarged Europe," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques bla06052, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Lars Calmfors & Giancarlo Corsetti & Michael P. Devereux & Gilles Saint-Paul & Hans-Werner Sinn & Jan-Egbert Sturm & Xavier Vives, 2008. "Chapter 4: Industrial policy," EEAG Report on the European Economy, CESifo Group Munich, vol. 0, pages 105-124, 02. [Downloadable!]
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