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On the Effect of Inliers on the Spatial Median

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  • Brown, Bruce M.
  • Hall, Peter
  • Young, G. Alastair

Abstract

We point out that inliers adversely affect performance of the spatial median and its generalization due to Gentleman. They are most deleterious in the case of the median itself, and in the important setting of two dimensions. There, the second term in a stochastic expansion of the median has a component with a Cauchy limiting distribution, and does not have any finite moments. This term is substantially determined by a small number of extreme, inlying data values. The implications for bootstrap methods are significant, since the bootstrap is notoriously poor in capturing properties of extremes. Indeed, the bootstrap does not accurately approximate second-order features of the distribution of the two-dimensional spatial median. We suggest a Winsorizing device for alleviating the effects of inliers. The issue of outliers is also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Brown, Bruce M. & Hall, Peter & Young, G. Alastair, 1997. "On the Effect of Inliers on the Spatial Median," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 88-104, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:63:y:1997:i:1:p:88-104
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arup Bose & Probal Chaudhuri, 1993. "On the dispersion of multivariate median," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 45(3), pages 541-550, September.
    2. Oja, Hannu, 1983. "Descriptive statistics for multivariate distributions," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 1(6), pages 327-332, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Riina Lemponen & Denis Larocque & Jaakko Nevalainen & Hannu Oja, 2012. "Weighted rank tests and Hodges-Lehmann estimates for the multivariate two-sample location problem with clustered data," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(4), pages 977-991, December.
    2. Ollila, Esa & Oja, Hannu & Croux, Christophe, 2003. "The affine equivariant sign covariance matrix: asymptotic behavior and efficiencies," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 328-355, November.
    3. Bissantz, Nicolai & Dümbgen, Lutz & Munk, Axel & Stratmann, Bernd, 2008. "Convergence analysis of generalized iteratively reweighted least squares algorithms on convex function spaces," Technical Reports 2008,25, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.

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