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Improving time series forecasting: An approach combining bootstrap aggregation, clusters and exponential smoothing

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  • Dantas, Tiago Mendes
  • Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz

Abstract

Some recent papers have demonstrated that combining bagging (bootstrap aggregating) with exponential smoothing methods can produce highly accurate forecasts and improve the forecast accuracy relative to traditional methods. We therefore propose a new approach that combines the bagging, exponential smoothing and clustering methods. The existing methods use bagging to generate and aggregate groups of forecasts in order to reduce the variance. However, none of them consider the effect of covariance among the group of forecasts, even though it could have a dramatic impact on the variance of the group, and therefore on the forecast accuracy. The proposed approach, referred to here as Bagged.Cluster.ETS, aims to reduce the covariance effect by using partitioning around medoids (PAM) to produce clusters of similar forecasts, then selecting several forecasts from each cluster to create a group with a reduced variance. This approach was tested on various different time series sets from the M3 and CIF 2016 competitions. The empirical results have shown a substantial reduction in the forecast error, considering sMAPE and MASE.

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  • Dantas, Tiago Mendes & Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz, 2018. "Improving time series forecasting: An approach combining bootstrap aggregation, clusters and exponential smoothing," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 748-761.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfor:v:34:y:2018:i:4:p:748-761
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2018.05.006
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    4. Petropoulos, Fotios & Apiletti, Daniele & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios & Babai, Mohamed Zied & Barrow, Devon K. & Ben Taieb, Souhaib & Bergmeir, Christoph & Bessa, Ricardo J. & Bijak, Jakub & Boylan, Joh, 2022. "Forecasting: theory and practice," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 705-871.
      • Fotios Petropoulos & Daniele Apiletti & Vassilios Assimakopoulos & Mohamed Zied Babai & Devon K. Barrow & Souhaib Ben Taieb & Christoph Bergmeir & Ricardo J. Bessa & Jakub Bijak & John E. Boylan & Jet, 2020. "Forecasting: theory and practice," Papers 2012.03854, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    5. Meira, Erick & Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz & Jeon, Jooyoung, 2021. "Treating and Pruning: New approaches to forecasting model selection and combination using prediction intervals," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 547-568.
    6. Meira, Erick & Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz & de Menezes, Lilian M., 2022. "Forecasting natural gas consumption using Bagging and modified regularization techniques," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    7. Li, Chen & Zhu, Zhijie & Yang, Hufang & Li, Ranran, 2019. "An innovative hybrid system for wind speed forecasting based on fuzzy preprocessing scheme and multi-objective optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1219-1237.
    8. Badri Toppur & T. C. Thomas, 2023. "Forecasting Commercial Vehicle Production Using Quantitative Techniques," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 17(1), March.
    9. Dunz, Nepomuk & Naqvi, Asjad & Monasterolo, Irene, 2019. "Climate Transition Risk, Climate Sentiments, and Financial Stability in a Stock-Flow Consistent approach," Ecological Economic Papers 23, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    10. Lila, Maurício Franca & Meira, Erick & Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz, 2022. "Forecasting unemployment in Brazil: A robust reconciliation approach using hierarchical data," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PB).
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    12. Kadir Özen & Dilem Yıldırım, 2021. "Application of Bagging in Day-Ahead Electricity Price Forecasting and Factor Augmentation," ERC Working Papers 2101, ERC - Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University, revised Apr 2021.
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