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Exploring gender and race biases in the NFT market

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  • Zhong, Howard
  • Hamilton, Mark

Abstract

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are non-interchangeable assets, usually digital art, which are stored on the blockchain. Preliminary studies find that female and darker-skinned NFTs are valued less than their male and lighter-skinned counterparts. However, these studies analyze only the CryptoPunks collection. We test the statistical significance of race and gender biases in the prices of CryptoPunks and present the first study of gender bias in the broader NFT market. We find evidence of racial bias but not gender bias. Our work also introduces a dataset of gender-labeled NFT collections to advance the broader study of social equity in this emerging market.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhong, Howard & Hamilton, Mark, 2023. "Exploring gender and race biases in the NFT market," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:53:y:2023:i:c:s1544612323000259
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2023.103651
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    Cited by:

    1. Menvouta, Emmanuel Jordy & Serneels, Sven & Verdonck, Tim, 2023. "Practicable optimization for portfolios that contain nonfungible tokens," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    2. Proelss, Juliane & Sévigny, Stéphane & Schweizer, Denis, 2023. "GameFi: The perfect symbiosis of blockchain, tokens, DeFi, and NFTs?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

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