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NFTs and asset class spillovers: Lessons from the period around the COVID-19 pandemic

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  • Aharon, David Y.
  • Demir, Ender

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the connectedness between returns for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and other financial assets (equities, bonds, currencies, gold, oil, Ethereum) during the period from January 2018 to June 2021. By using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) approach, we show that the overall connectedness between the returns for financial assets increased during the COVID-19 period. Our static analysis shows that the behavior of the majority of NFT returns is attributable to endogenous shocks and only a small portion of this variation resulted from the impact of innovation in other assets. The results suggest that NFTs are mainly independent of shocks from common assets classes and even from their close relation, Ethereum. The dynamic analysis across time reveals that during normal times, NFTs act as transmitters of systemic risk to some degree, but during stressful times, their role shifts, and they act as absorbers of risk spillovers. This suggests that NFTs may have diversification benefits during turbulent times, as apparent during the COVID-19 crisis, and especially around the great March 2020 market plunge.

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  • Aharon, David Y. & Demir, Ender, 2022. "NFTs and asset class spillovers: Lessons from the period around the COVID-19 pandemic," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:47:y:2022:i:pa:s1544612321004840
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2021.102515
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    6. Wang, Jying-Nan & Lee, Yen-Hsien & Liu, Hung-Chun & Hsu, Yuan-Teng, 2023. "Dissecting returns of non-fungible tokens (NFTs): Evidence from CryptoPunks," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    7. Díaz, Antonio & Esparcia, Carlos & Huélamo, Diego, 2023. "Unveiling the diversification capabilities of carbon markets in NFT portfolios," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PD).
    8. Laurens Swinkels, 2023. "Empirical evidence on the ownership and liquidity of real estate tokens," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-29, December.
    9. Ghosh, Bikramaditya & Bouri, Elie & Wee, Jung Bum & Zulfiqar, Noshaba, 2023. "Return and volatility properties: Stylized facts from the universe of cryptocurrencies and NFTs," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    10. BenMabrouk, Houda & Sassi, Syrine & Soltane, Feriel & Abid, Ilyes, 2024. "Connectedness and portfolio hedging between NFTs segments, American stocks and cryptocurrencies Nexus," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    11. Ali, Shoaib & Moussa, Faten & Youssef, Manel, 2023. "Connectedness between cryptocurrencies using high-frequency data: A novel insight from the Silicon Valley Banks collapse," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PB).
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    13. Hong Bao & David Roubaud, 2022. "Non-Fungible Token: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-9, May.
    14. Wang, Xinya, 2023. "Unveiling the multiscale impact of economic policy uncertainty on China's housing market spillovers: Evidence from different uncertainty measurements," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PD).
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    16. Aharon, David Y. & Qadan, Mahmoud, 2022. "Infection, invasion, and inflation: Recent lessons," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    17. Khreshna Syuhada & Venansius Tjahjono & Arief Hakim, 2023. "Dependent Metaverse Risk Forecasts with Heteroskedastic Models and Ensemble Learning," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-25, February.
    18. Ersan, Oguz & Demir, Ender & Assaf, Ata, 2022. "Connectedness among fan tokens and stocks of football clubs," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    19. Proelss, Juliane & Sévigny, Stéphane & Schweizer, Denis, 2023. "GameFi: The perfect symbiosis of blockchain, tokens, DeFi, and NFTs?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    20. Foglia, Matteo & Maci, Giampiero & Pacelli, Vincenzo, 2024. "FinTech and fan tokens: Understanding the risks spillover of digital asset investment," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    21. Zhuhua Jiang & Rim El Khoury & Muneer M. Alshater & Seong‐Min Yoon, 2024. "Impact of global macroeconomic factors on spillovers among Australian sector markets: Fresh findings from a wavelet‐based analysis," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(1), pages 78-105, March.
    22. Dulani Jayasuriya & Alexandra Sims, 2023. "Not So New Kid on the Block: Accounting and Valuation Aspects of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-24, October.
    23. Rabbani, Mustafa Raza & Billah, Syed Mabruk & Shaik, Muneer & Rahman, Mashuk & Boujlil, Rhada, 2023. "Dynamic connectedness, spillover, and optimal hedging strategy among FinTech, Sukuk, and Islamic equity markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).

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