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Electricity swing options: Behavioral models and pricing

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  • Pflug, Georg C.
  • Broussev, Nikola

Abstract

Electricity swing options are supply contracts for power, which give the owner the right to change the required delivery on short time notice. It gives more flexibility than fixed base load or peak load contracts. The name "option" is a bit misleading, since it gives the owner multiple exercise rights at many different time horizons with exercise amounts on a continuous scale. We look at the problem to determine a rational ask price for such a contract from the viewpoint of the contract seller. The pricing of these contracts differs drastically from the pricing of financial options. First, peculiar properties arise from the non-storability of the underlying (the energy) and therefore the impossibility to hedge with the underlying, hedging is only possible with some future contracts. Second, the behavior of the owner plays an important role. Based on some behavioral model for the option holder, we develop a game-theoretic model, which allows to identify the equilibrium price. Besides some theoretical results, we present some numerical results which clarify the dependence of the asked price on the amount of flexibility offered in the swing option.

Suggested Citation

  • Pflug, Georg C. & Broussev, Nikola, 2009. "Electricity swing options: Behavioral models and pricing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 197(3), pages 1041-1050, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:197:y:2009:i:3:p:1041-1050
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 113-147.
    2. Thompson, Andrew C., 1995. "Valuation of Path-Dependent Contingent Claims with Multiple Exercise Decisions over Time: The Case of Take-or-Pay," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 30(2), pages 271-293, June.
    3. Patrick Jaillet & Ehud I. Ronn & Stathis Tompaidis, 2004. "Valuation of Commodity-Based Swing Options," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(7), pages 909-921, July.
    4. N. Meinshausen & B. M. Hambly, 2004. "Monte Carlo Methods For The Valuation Of Multiple‐Exercise Options," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(4), pages 557-583, October.
    5. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt43n1k4jb, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Hendrik Kohrs & Hermann Mühlichen & Benjamin R. Auer & Frank Schuhmacher, 2019. "Pricing and risk of swing contracts in natural gas markets," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 77-167, April.
    3. Kovacevic, Raimund M. & Pflug, Georg Ch., 2014. "Electricity swing option pricing by stochastic bilevel optimization: A survey and new approaches," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 237(2), pages 389-403.
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