IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v298y2021ics0306261921005754.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Community-scale interaction of energy efficiency and demand flexibility in residential buildings

Author

Listed:
  • Munankarmi, Prateek
  • Maguire, Jeff
  • Balamurugan, Sivasathya Pradha
  • Blonsky, Michael
  • Roberts, David
  • Jin, Xin

Abstract

Demand-side management (DSM) strategies, including energy efficiency (EE) and demand flexibility (DF), contribute to cost-effective operation of the electricity grid. From a system-level perspective, such programs reduce costs, enhance reliability, and reduce network issues. Similarly, DSM programs help participating customers reduce utility bills while maintaining occupant comfort. Understanding the relationship between EE and DF is key to realizing the full potential of DSM programs. In this study, we modeled an all-electric residential community based on a 498-home community that is planned for construction in Fort Collins, Colorado in the United States. We used this community model to study the relationship between different EE measures, including building envelope upgrades and smart appliances, and DF enabled by a home energy management system (HEMS) responding to a time-varying tariff. Various EE levels in the homes – code-minimum, zero energy ready, and even higher levels of envelope efficiency – were simulated. DF is enabled by the HEMS, which coordinates behind-the-meter resources, including flexible building loads, PV, and home battery systems, to minimize utility bills while maintaining occupant comfort. When comparing to the code-minimum homes, EE upgrades alone reduce HVAC energy use during peak hours by up to 50% and the HVAC utility bill by up to $312/year. With the addition of HEMS, the average daily peak demand can be reduced by up to 0.58 MW or 1.2 kW/home in the higher envelope efficiency homes. The combination of EE upgrades, HEMS, and home battery systems is expected to save homeowners up to $590/year while increasing community load flexibility. However, HEMS and home battery systems are less effective in increasing the DF in the more efficient homes due to the lower load.

Suggested Citation

  • Munankarmi, Prateek & Maguire, Jeff & Balamurugan, Sivasathya Pradha & Blonsky, Michael & Roberts, David & Jin, Xin, 2021. "Community-scale interaction of energy efficiency and demand flexibility in residential buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:298:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921005754
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117149
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921005754
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117149?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arteconi, A. & Hewitt, N.J. & Polonara, F., 2012. "State of the art of thermal storage for demand-side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 371-389.
    2. Yousefi, Mojtaba & Hajizadeh, Amin & Soltani, Mohsen N. & Hredzak, Branislav & Kianpoor, Nasrin, 2020. "Profit assessment of home energy management system for buildings with A-G energy labels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    3. Strbac, Goran, 2008. "Demand side management: Benefits and challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 4419-4426, December.
    4. Wohlfarth, Katharina & Worrell, Ernst & Eichhammer, Wolfgang, 2020. "Energy efficiency and demand response – two sides of the same coin?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    5. Andrew J. Satchwell & Peter A. Cappers & Jeff Deason & Sydney P. Forrester & Natalie Mims Frick & Brian F. Gerke & Mary Ann Piette, 2020. "A Conceptual Framework to Describe Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Interactions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-14, August.
    6. Jin, Xin & Baker, Kyri & Christensen, Dane & Isley, Steven, 2017. "Foresee: A user-centric home energy management system for energy efficiency and demand response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1583-1595.
    7. Patterson, Murray G, 1996. "What is energy efficiency? : Concepts, indicators and methodological issues," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 377-390, May.
    8. Salpakari, Jyri & Rasku, Topi & Lindgren, Juuso & Lund, Peter D., 2017. "Flexibility of electric vehicles and space heating in net zero energy houses: an optimal control model with thermal dynamics and battery degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 800-812.
    9. Blonsky, Michael & Maguire, Jeff & McKenna, Killian & Cutler, Dylan & Balamurugan, Sivasathya Pradha & Jin, Xin, 2021. "OCHRE: The Object-oriented, Controllable, High-resolution Residential Energy Model for Dynamic Integration Studies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    10. Bampoulas, Adamantios & Saffari, Mohammad & Pallonetto, Fabiano & Mangina, Eleni & Finn, Donal P., 2021. "A fundamental unified framework to quantify and characterise energy flexibility of residential buildings with multiple electrical and thermal energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    11. Yilmaz, S. & Rinaldi, A. & Patel, M.K., 2020. "DSM interactions: What is the impact of appliance energy efficiency measures on the demand response (peak load management)?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    12. Jia Ning & Yi Tang & Qian Chen & Jianming Wang & Jianhua Zhou & Bingtuan Gao, 2017. "A Bi-Level Coordinated Optimization Strategy for Smart Appliances Considering Online Demand Response Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-16, April.
    13. Giuliano Dall'O' & Maria Franca Norese & Annalisa Galante & Chiara Novello, 2013. "A Multi-Criteria Methodology to Support Public Administration Decision Making Concerning Sustainable Energy Action Plans," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-23, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dongsu Kim & Yeobeom Yoon & Jongman Lee & Pedro J. Mago & Kwangho Lee & Heejin Cho, 2022. "Design and Implementation of Smart Buildings: A Review of Current Research Trend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Wang, Pengcheng & Liu, Zhongbing & Liu, Ruimiao & Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Ling, 2023. "Energy flexibility of PCM-integrated building: Combination parameters design and operation control in multi-objective optimization considering different stakeholders," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    3. Karol Bot & Inoussa Laouali & António Ruano & Maria da Graça Ruano, 2021. "Home Energy Management Systems with Branch-and-Bound Model-Based Predictive Control Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-27, September.
    4. Farhad Salek & Aydin Azizi & Shahaboddin Resalati & Paul Henshall & Denise Morrey, 2022. "Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Second Life Battery Pack with Heterogeneous State of Health," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(20), pages 1-23, October.
    5. Ren, Haoshan & Ma, Zhenjun & Fai Norman Tse, Chung & Sun, Yongjun, 2022. "Optimal control of solar-powered electric bus networks with improved renewable energy on-site consumption and reduced grid dependence," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    6. Yamaguchi, Yohei & Shoda, Yuto & Yoshizawa, Shinya & Imai, Tatsuya & Perwez, Usama & Shimoda, Yoshiyuki & Hayashi, Yasuhiro, 2023. "Feasibility assessment of net zero-energy transformation of building stock using integrated synthetic population, building stock, and power distribution network framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    7. Wagner, Lukas Peter & Reinpold, Lasse Matthias & Kilthau, Maximilian & Fay, Alexander, 2023. "A systematic review of modeling approaches for flexible energy resources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    8. Liu, Yinyan & Ma, Jin & Xing, Xinjie & Liu, Xinglu & Wang, Wei, 2022. "A home energy management system incorporating data-driven uncertainty-aware user preference," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    9. Wenya Xu & Yanxue Li & Guanjie He & Yang Xu & Weijun Gao, 2023. "Performance Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic-Battery System Scheduling in an Existing Zero-Energy House Based on Reinforcement Learning Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, June.
    10. Roth, Lucas & Lowitzsch, Jens & Yildiz, Özgür, 2023. "Which (co-)ownership types in renewables are associated with the willingness to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy-conscious behaviour? Data from German households," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    11. Blonsky, Michael & McKenna, Killian & Maguire, Jeff & Vincent, Tyrone, 2022. "Home energy management under realistic and uncertain conditions: A comparison of heuristic, deterministic, and stochastic control methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Guo, Yurun & Wang, Shugang & Wang, Jihong & Zhang, Tengfei & Ma, Zhenjun & Jiang, Shuang, 2024. "Key district heating technologies for building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    2. Ilaria Vigna & Jessica Balest & Wilmer Pasut & Roberta Pernetti, 2020. "Office Occupants’ Perspective Dealing with Energy Flexibility: A Large-Scale Survey in the Province of Bolzano," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, August.
    3. Finck, Christian & Li, Rongling & Kramer, Rick & Zeiler, Wim, 2018. "Quantifying demand flexibility of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in the control of building heating systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 409-425.
    4. Arteconi, Alessia & Patteeuw, Dieter & Bruninx, Kenneth & Delarue, Erik & D’haeseleer, William & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "Active demand response with electric heating systems: Impact of market penetration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 636-648.
    5. Earle, Lieko & Maguire, Jeff & Munankarmi, Prateek & Roberts, David, 2023. "The impact of energy-efficiency upgrades and other distributed energy resources on a residential neighborhood-scale electrification retrofit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    6. Wang, Jing & Munankarmi, Prateek & Maguire, Jeff & Shi, Chengnan & Zuo, Wangda & Roberts, David & Jin, Xin, 2022. "Carbon emission responsive building control: A case study with an all-electric residential community in a cold climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    7. De Coninck, Roel & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "Quantification of flexibility in buildings by cost curves – Methodology and application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 653-665.
    8. Jun Dong & Huijuan Huo & Sen Guo, 2016. "Demand Side Management Performance Evaluation for Commercial Enterprises," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-23, October.
    9. Nizami, Sohrab & Tushar, Wayes & Hossain, M.J. & Yuen, Chau & Saha, Tapan & Poor, H. Vincent, 2022. "Transactive energy for low voltage residential networks: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    10. Daniele Menniti & Anna Pinnarelli & Nicola Sorrentino & Fiorella Stella & Caterina Aura & Claudia Liutic & Gaetano Polizzi, 2022. "A Tool to Assess the Interaction between Energy Efficiency, Demand Response, and Power System Reliability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-12, July.
    11. Tuomela, Sanna & de Castro Tomé, Mauricio & Iivari, Netta & Svento, Rauli, 2021. "Impacts of home energy management systems on electricity consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    12. Jack, M.W. & Suomalainen, K. & Dew, J.J.W. & Eyers, D., 2018. "A minimal simulation of the electricity demand of a domestic hot water cylinder for smart control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 104-112.
    13. Dawid Jozwiak & Jayakrishnan Radhakrishna Pillai & Pavani Ponnaganti & Birgitte Bak-Jensen & Jan Jantzen, 2021. "Optimising Energy Flexibility of Boats in PV-BESS Based Marina Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.
    14. Patteeuw, Dieter & Bruninx, Kenneth & Arteconi, Alessia & Delarue, Erik & D’haeseleer, William & Helsen, Lieve, 2015. "Integrated modeling of active demand response with electric heating systems coupled to thermal energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 306-319.
    15. Stötzer, Martin & Hauer, Ines & Richter, Marc & Styczynski, Zbigniew A., 2015. "Potential of demand side integration to maximize use of renewable energy sources in Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 344-352.
    16. Xu, Bing & Nayak, Amar & Gray, David & Ouenniche, Jamal, 2016. "Assessing energy business cases implemented in the North Sea Region and strategy recommendations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 360-371.
    17. Horowitz, Shira & Mauch, Brandon & Sowell, Fallaw, 2014. "Forecasting residential air conditioning loads," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 47-55.
    18. Askeland, Magnus & Backe, Stian & Bjarghov, Sigurd & Korpås, Magnus, 2021. "Helping end-users help each other: Coordinating development and operation of distributed resources through local power markets and grid tariffs," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    19. Alessia Arteconi & Fabio Polonara, 2018. "Assessing the Demand Side Management Potential and the Energy Flexibility of Heat Pumps in Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, July.
    20. Meinrenken, Christoph J. & Mehmani, Ali, 2019. "Concurrent optimization of thermal and electric storage in commercial buildings to reduce operating cost and demand peaks under time-of-use tariffs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:298:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921005754. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.