IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v287y2021ics0306261921000623.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spatial analysis of distribution grid capacity and costs to enable massive deployment of PV, electric mobility and electric heating

Author

Listed:
  • Gupta, Ruchi
  • Pena-Bello, Alejandro
  • Streicher, Kai Nino
  • Roduner, Cattia
  • Farhat, Yamshid
  • Thöni, David
  • Patel, Martin Kumar
  • Parra, David

Abstract

Rapid deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV), electric heat pumps (HP) and electric vehicles (EV) is needed to decarbonize the economy. However, the integration of these technologies into the power system creates challenges for the distribution grid infrastructure. It is therefore vital to analyse to which extent grid reinforcement is needed to enable decarbonization strategies while also studying alternative flexibility measures. In this GIS-based study, we model the impact of the deployment of PV, HP and EV on a low-voltage distribution grid network serving 170’000 households in Switzerland, and analyse scenarios for their penetration in the years 2035 and 2050. Using a detailed grid model in collaboration with a distribution system operator, we find that PV leads to 18.5% and 13.7% more voltage violation issues compared to HP and EV respectively, which on the other hand, cause slightly more line overloading, 0.5% and 2.5%, respectively. We also find that grid reinforcement costs markedly depend on the type of urban setting ranging between 51–213 CHF/kWp, 46–1’385 CHF/kW and 34–143 CHF/kW for PV, HP and EV, respectively, with the higher limit corresponding to rural areas. The total distribution grid reinforcement costs can amount up to 11 billion CHF until 2050 i.e. 2’900 CHF per household in Switzerland. Interestingly, we find that batteries, even with current costs, have the potential to defer grid reinforcement for up to 15% of the transformer stations with the highest specific grid reinforcement costs. Our study aims to inform various stakeholders about the required grid investments to enable the massive deployment of low carbon technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Gupta, Ruchi & Pena-Bello, Alejandro & Streicher, Kai Nino & Roduner, Cattia & Farhat, Yamshid & Thöni, David & Patel, Martin Kumar & Parra, David, 2021. "Spatial analysis of distribution grid capacity and costs to enable massive deployment of PV, electric mobility and electric heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:287:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921000623
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116504
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921000623
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116504?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Horowitz, Kelsey A.W. & Palmintier, Bryan & Mather, Barry & Denholm, Paul, 2018. "Distribution system costs associated with the deployment of photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 420-433.
    2. Gupta, Rahul & Sossan, Fabrizio & Paolone, Mario, 2021. "Countrywide PV hosting capacity and energy storage requirements for distribution networks: The case of Switzerland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    3. A. Stephan & B. Battke & M. D. Beuse & J. H. Clausdeinken & T. S. Schmidt, 2016. "Limiting the public cost of stationary battery deployment by combining applications," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(7), pages 1-9, July.
    4. Nanaki, Evanthia A. & Koroneos, Christopher J., 2016. "Climate change mitigation and deployment of electric vehicles in urban areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1153-1160.
    5. Barbour, Edward & Parra, David & Awwad, Zeyad & González, Marta C., 2018. "Community energy storage: A smart choice for the smart grid?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 489-497.
    6. Candelise, Chiara & Westacott, Paul, 2017. "Can integration of PV within UK electricity network be improved? A GIS based assessment of storage," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 694-703.
    7. Pena-Bello, A. & Barbour, E. & Gonzalez, M.C. & Patel, M.K. & Parra, D., 2019. "Optimized PV-coupled battery systems for combining applications: Impact of battery technology and geography," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 978-990.
    8. Thormeyer, Christoph & Sasse, Jan-Philipp & Trutnevyte, Evelina, 2020. "Spatially-explicit models should consider real-world diffusion of renewable electricity: Solar PV example in Switzerland," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 363-374.
    9. Rinaldi, Arthur & Soini, Martin Christoph & Streicher, Kai & Patel, Martin K. & Parra, David, 2021. "Decarbonising heat with optimal PV and storage investments: A detailed sector coupling modelling framework with flexible heat pump operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    10. Parra, David & Patel, Martin K., 2019. "The nature of combining energy storage applications for residential battery technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1343-1355.
    11. Jeffrey Walters & Jessica Kaminsky & Lawrence Gottschamer, 2018. "A Systems Analysis of Factors Influencing Household Solar PV Adoption in Santiago, Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    12. Yilmaz, S. & Rinaldi, A. & Patel, M.K., 2020. "DSM interactions: What is the impact of appliance energy efficiency measures on the demand response (peak load management)?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    13. Martin Rüdisüli & Sinan L. Teske & Urs Elber, 2019. "Impacts of an Increased Substitution of Fossil Energy Carriers with Electricity-Based Technologies on the Swiss Electricity System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-38, June.
    14. Holger C. Hesse & Michael Schimpe & Daniel Kucevic & Andreas Jossen, 2017. "Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-42, December.
    15. Ismael, Sherif M. & Abdel Aleem, Shady H.E. & Abdelaziz, Almoataz Y. & Zobaa, Ahmed F., 2019. "State-of-the-art of hosting capacity in modern power systems with distributed generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 1002-1020.
    16. Pudjianto, Danny & Djapic, Predrag & Aunedi, Marko & Gan, Chin Kim & Strbac, Goran & Huang, Sikai & Infield, David, 2013. "Smart control for minimizing distribution network reinforcement cost due to electrification," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 76-84.
    17. Parra, David & Swierczynski, Maciej & Stroe, Daniel I. & Norman, Stuart.A. & Abdon, Andreas & Worlitschek, Jörg & O’Doherty, Travis & Rodrigues, Lucelia & Gillott, Mark & Zhang, Xiaojin & Bauer, Chris, 2017. "An interdisciplinary review of energy storage for communities: Challenges and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 730-749.
    18. Abdon, Andreas & Zhang, Xiaojin & Parra, David & Patel, Martin K. & Bauer, Christian & Worlitschek, Jörg, 2017. "Techno-economic and environmental assessment of stationary electricity storage technologies for different time scales," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1173-1187.
    19. Tarroja, Brian & Chiang, Felicia & AghaKouchak, Amir & Samuelsen, Scott & Raghavan, Shuba V. & Wei, Max & Sun, Kaiyu & Hong, Tianzhen, 2018. "Translating climate change and heating system electrification impacts on building energy use to future greenhouse gas emissions and electric grid capacity requirements in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 522-534.
    20. Salah, Florian & Ilg, Jens P. & Flath, Christoph M. & Basse, Hauke & Dinther, Clemens van, 2015. "Impact of electric vehicles on distribution substations: A Swiss case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 88-96.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yilmaz, Selin & Chanez, Cédric & Cuony, Peter & Patel, Martin Kumar, 2022. "Analysing utility-based direct load control programmes for heat pumps and electric vehicles considering customer segmentation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    2. Damianakis, Nikolaos & Mouli, Gautham Ram Chandra & Bauer, Pavol & Yu, Yunhe, 2023. "Assessing the grid impact of Electric Vehicles, Heat Pumps & PV generation in Dutch LV distribution grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    3. Alderete Peralta, Ali & Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye & Longhurst, Philip, 2022. "Spatio-temporal modelling of solar photovoltaic adoption: An integrated neural networks and agent-based modelling approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    4. Rinaldi, Arthur & Yilmaz, Selin & Patel, Martin K. & Parra, David, 2022. "What adds more flexibility? An energy system analysis of storage, demand-side response, heating electrification, and distribution reinforcement," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Parra, David & Mauger, Romain, 2022. "A new dawn for energy storage: An interdisciplinary legal and techno-economic analysis of the new EU legal framework," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    6. Lagomarsino, Maria & van der Kam, Mart & Parra, David & Hahnel, Ulf J.J., 2022. "Do I need to charge right now? Tailored choice architecture design can increase preferences for electric vehicle smart charging," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    7. Diab, Ibrahim & Damianakis, Nikolaos & Chandra-Mouli, Gautham Ram & Bauer, Pavol, 2024. "A shared PV system for transportation and residential loads to reduce curtailment and the need for storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    8. Nizami, Sohrab & Tushar, Wayes & Hossain, M.J. & Yuen, Chau & Saha, Tapan & Poor, H. Vincent, 2022. "Transactive energy for low voltage residential networks: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    9. Karmaker, Ashish Kumar & Prakash, Krishneel & Siddique, Md Nazrul Islam & Hossain, Md Alamgir & Pota, Hemanshu, 2024. "Electric vehicle hosting capacity analysis: Challenges and solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    10. Christian van Someren & Martien Visser & Han Slootweg, 2023. "Sizing Batteries for Power Flow Management in Distribution Grids: A Method to Compare Battery Capacities for Different Siting Configurations and Variable Power Flow Simultaneity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-19, November.
    11. Guo, Rui & Meunier, Simon & Protopapadaki, Christina & Saelens, Dirk, 2023. "A review of European low-voltage distribution networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    12. Mirosława Szewczyk & Anna Szeliga-Duchnowska, 2022. "Make Hay While the Sun Shines: Beneficiaries of Renewable Energy Promotion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, May.
    13. Thebault, Martin & Desthieux, Gilles & Castello, Roberto & Berrah, Lamia, 2022. "Large-scale evaluation of the suitability of buildings for photovoltaic integration: Case study in Greater Geneva," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    14. Pena-Bello, Alejandro & Junod, Robin & Ballif, Christophe & Wyrsch, Nicolas, 2023. "Balancing DSO interests and PV system economics with alternative tariffs," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    15. Valkering, Pieter & Moglianesi, Andrea & Godon, Louis & Duerinck, Jan & Huber, Dominik & Costa, Daniele, 2023. "Representing decentralized generation and local energy use flexibility in an energy system optimization model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    16. Essayeh, Chaimaa & Morstyn, Thomas, 2023. "Optimal sizing for microgrids integrating distributed flexibility with the Perth West smart city as a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    17. Yamaguchi, Yohei & Shoda, Yuto & Yoshizawa, Shinya & Imai, Tatsuya & Perwez, Usama & Shimoda, Yoshiyuki & Hayashi, Yasuhiro, 2023. "Feasibility assessment of net zero-energy transformation of building stock using integrated synthetic population, building stock, and power distribution network framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    18. Floris Montfoort & Peter T. Dijkstra & Machiel Mulder, 2024. "The impact of energy transition on distribution network costs and effectiveness of yardstick competition: an empirical analysis for the Netherlands," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 65(1), pages 85-107, June.
    19. Bernd Thormann & Thomas Kienberger, 2022. "Estimation of Grid Reinforcement Costs Triggered by Future Grid Customers: Influence of the Quantification Method (Scaling vs. Large-Scale Simulation) and Coincidence Factors (Single vs. Multiple Appl," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-26, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Parra, David & Mauger, Romain, 2022. "A new dawn for energy storage: An interdisciplinary legal and techno-economic analysis of the new EU legal framework," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    2. Hahnel, Ulf J.J. & Herberz, Mario & Pena-Bello, Alejandro & Parra, David & Brosch, Tobias, 2020. "Becoming prosumer: Revealing trading preferences and decision-making strategies in peer-to-peer energy communities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    3. Fabian Scheller & Robert Burkhardt & Robert Schwarzeit & Russell McKenna & Thomas Bruckner, 2020. "Competition between simultaneous demand-side flexibility options: The case of community electricity storage systems," Papers 2011.05809, arXiv.org.
    4. Alejandro Pena-Bello & Edward Barbour & Marta C. Gonzalez & Selin Yilmaz & Martin K. Patel & David Parra, 2020. "How Does the Electricity Demand Profile Impact the Attractiveness of PV-Coupled Battery Systems Combining Applications?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Englberger, Stefan & Abo Gamra, Kareem & Tepe, Benedikt & Schreiber, Michael & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2021. "Electric vehicle multi-use: Optimizing multiple value streams using mobile storage systems in a vehicle-to-grid context," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    6. Scheller, Fabian & Burkhardt, Robert & Schwarzeit, Robert & McKenna, Russell & Bruckner, Thomas, 2020. "Competition between simultaneous demand-side flexibility options: the case of community electricity storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Sanneke Kloppenburg & Robin Smale & Nick Verkade, 2019. "Technologies of Engagement: How Battery Storage Technologies Shape Householder Participation in Energy Transitions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-15, November.
    8. Walch, Alina & Rüdisüli, Martin, 2023. "Strategic PV expansion and its impact on regional electricity self-sufficiency: Case study of Switzerland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    9. Kalkbrenner, Bernhard J., 2019. "Residential vs. community battery storage systems – Consumer preferences in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 1355-1363.
    10. Koirala, Binod Prasad & van Oost, Ellen & van der Windt, Henny, 2018. "Community energy storage: A responsible innovation towards a sustainable energy system?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 570-585.
    11. Terlouw, Tom & AlSkaif, Tarek & Bauer, Christian & van Sark, Wilfried, 2019. "Optimal energy management in all-electric residential energy systems with heat and electricity storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    12. Hafiz, Faeza & Rodrigo de Queiroz, Anderson & Fajri, Poria & Husain, Iqbal, 2019. "Energy management and optimal storage sizing for a shared community: A multi-stage stochastic programming approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 42-54.
    13. Beuse, Martin & Dirksmeier, Mathias & Steffen, Bjarne & Schmidt, Tobias S., 2020. "Profitability of commercial and industrial photovoltaics and battery projects in South-East-Asia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    14. Mulleriyawage, U.G.K. & Shen, W.X., 2021. "Impact of demand side management on optimal sizing of residential battery energy storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1250-1266.
    15. Yao, Hongmin & Qin, Wenping & Jing, Xiang & Zhu, Zhilong & Wang, Ke & Han, Xiaoqing & Wang, Peng, 2022. "Possibilistic evaluation of photovoltaic hosting capacity on distribution networks under uncertain environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    16. Bernhard Faessler & Aleksander Bogunović Jakobsen, 2021. "Autonomous Operation of Stationary Battery Energy Storage Systems—Optimal Storage Design and Economic Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, March.
    17. Angenendt, Georg & Merten, Michael & Zurmühlen, Sebastian & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2020. "Evaluation of the effects of frequency restoration reserves market participation with photovoltaic battery energy storage systems and power-to-heat coupling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    18. Oduro, Richard A. & Taylor, Peter G., 2023. "Future pathways for energy networks: A review of international experiences in high income countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    19. Bailera, M. & Lisbona, P. & Llera, E. & Peña, B. & Romeo, L.M., 2019. "Renewable energy sources and power-to-gas aided cogeneration for non-residential buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 226-238.
    20. Gährs, Swantje & Knoefel, Jan, 2020. "Stakeholder demands and regulatory framework for community energy storage with a focus on Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:287:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921000623. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.