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Gewinnung unkonventioneller Energieressourcen setzt OPEC künftig unter Druck

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  • Manfred Horn
  • Hella Engerer

Abstract

OPEC countries has benefited from the increase of oil prices in the past few years. Except the worldwide crisis 2008/2009 the demand of oil from OPEC countries was high stabilizing the cohesion within the OPEC. However, this might change in the future: Worldwide demand may not grow as fast as assumed in actual projections due to reduction of subsidies for oil consumption or other demand restricting changes of energy policy. Supply of unconventional energy (oil sand, shale gas) from non-OPEC countries may increase more as projected. In this case it is possible that demand for OPEC-crude could fall in the long term. In particular, this would affect OPEC-countries with high energy reserves: Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq which cannot realize their production potential completely altogether. In that case, Saudi-Arabia could reduce its crude oil production and temporarily accept decreases of oil export revenues. However, the country certainly is not willing to permanently reduce production and thus forego oil revenues. On the other side Iran and Iraq depend on oil export revenues to finance reconstruction. Therefore, in a more stable political environment both countries will strongly increase their oil production and boost oil revenues at the expense of Saudi- Arabia. This conflict of interests threatens OPEC's internal cohesion and its power to control oil prices. Die OPEC-Länder haben in den vergangenen Jahren stark vom steigenden Ölpreis profitiert. Die Nachfrage nach OPEC-Öl war - abgesehen von der weltweiten Krise 2008/2009 - hoch. Dies hat auch den Zusammenhalt innerhalb der OPEC stabilisiert. Künftig kann sich dies ändern, wenn aufgrund hoher Ölpreise der weltweite Ölverbrauch nur noch langsam steigt und zudem das Angebot von Nicht-OPEC-Staaten an unkonventionellen Energieträgern (zum Beispiel Rohöl auf Basis von Ölsand und -schiefer, Shale Gas) zunimmt. Davon betroffen wären insbesondere die Mitgliedsländer Saudi- Arabien, Iran und Irak, die ihr Produktionspotential trotz großer Ölreserven künftig nicht voll ausschöpfen könnten. Saudi-Arabien könnte zwar eine vorübergehende Drosselung seiner Produktion und den daraus resultierenden Rückgang seiner Exporterlöse verkraften, wäre aber kaum zu einer dauerhaften Einschränkung seiner Produktion bereit. Iran und Irak sind aufgrund ihrer schwierigen wirtschaftlichen Lage stärker als Saudi-Arabien auf die Einnahmen aus dem Ölexport angewiesen. Sollte es Iran und Irak gelingen, ihre politische Instabilität zu überwinden, so werden sie ihre Kapazitäten der Ölgewinnung so stark wie nur möglich ausbauen wollen, um über hohe Exporterlöse den Wiederaufbau ihrer Volkswirtschaften zu finanzieren. Dabei kann es zu Interessenkonflikten mit Saudi-Arabien kommen.

Suggested Citation

  • Manfred Horn & Hella Engerer, 2013. "Gewinnung unkonventioneller Energieressourcen setzt OPEC künftig unter Druck," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 80(45), pages 3-11.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:80-45-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Hauser, Philipp & Heinrichs, Heidi U. & Gillessen, Bastian & Müller, Theresa, 2018. "Implications of diversification strategies in the European natural gas market for the German energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 442-454.
    2. Heinrichs, Heidi Ursula & Markewitz, Peter, 2017. "Long-term impacts of a coal phase-out in Germany as part of a greenhouse gas mitigation strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 234-246.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Oil demand and supply; unconventional energy resources; OPEC; . - Middle East;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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