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El crecimiento de China e India y su relación con el patrón de especialización comercial de Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y Colombia

Author

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  • Eliana Rubiano-Matulevich

Abstract

Resumen El reciente desempeno económico de China e India es uno de los fenómenos más estudiados en la actualidad por sus efectos en la economía mundial. Este artículo examina la relación entre estos países y el patrón de especialización comercial de Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y Colombia durante el periodo 1990-2006. Para tal efecto, se construye un Indice de Ventaja Comparativa revelada (IVCR) con datos a nivel sectorial según el Código Industrial Internacional Uniforme (CIIU) a 3 dígitos, por país y ano. Primero, se estudia la evolución de los índices y los flujos comerciales de cada país a través del tiempo empleando herramientas como correlaciones bivariadas entre los IVCR de cada país, índices de concentración de Herfindahl y estructura de las exportaciones e importaciones a nivel industrial. Segundo, se estima un modelo basado en los IVCR calculados y las exportaciones netas bilaterales para estimar de una manera más sistemática la relación entre China e India y el patrón de especialización comercial de las demás economías. Tercero, dado que toda la teoría de ventajas comparativas está basada en la dotación relativa de factores de producción de cada país, se estima una función translog de valor agregado industrial en función de la dotación de factores productivos para calcular las elasticidades de Rybczynski para cada economía, incorporándose los resultados de este ejercicio en una nueva estimación del modelo inicial. Dado que el volumen de comercio entre Colombia y China e India es aún reducido, también se realiza un análisis indirecto de la relación objeto de estudio teniendo como marco de referencia: los cambios en el patrón de especialización comercial de Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea, las otras dos economías en el análisis y los principales socios comerciales de Colombia dentro de la aprobación e implementación de los Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLC). Finalmente, y a partir de los resultados del análisis directo e indirecto, se presentan algunas recomendaciones de política para Colombia.

Suggested Citation

  • Eliana Rubiano-Matulevich, 2010. "El crecimiento de China e India y su relación con el patrón de especialización comercial de Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y Colombia," Revista de la Maestría de Derecho Económico, Universidad Javeriana - Derecho Económico, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000441:011528
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    File URL: http://www.javeriana.edu.co/Facultades/C_Juridicas/pub_rev/revista6_2/3.eliana_rubiano_2.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    comercio exterior; ventaja comparativa revelada; especialización comercial; factores de producción;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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