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Regulating Autonomy: An Assessment of Policy Language for Highly Automated Vehicles

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  • Beth‐Anne Schuelke‐Leech
  • Sara R. Jordan
  • Betsy Barry

Abstract

Self‐driving cars (also known as driverless cars, autonomous vehicles, and highly automated vehicles [HAVs]) will change the regulatory, political, and ethical frameworks surrounding motor vehicles. At the highest levels of automation, HAVs are operated by independent machine agents, making decisions without the direct intervention of humans. The current transportation system assumes human intervention though, including legal and moral responsibilities of human operators. Has the development of these artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous system (AS) technologies outpaced the ethical and political conversations? This paper examines discussions of HAVs, driver responsibility, and technology failure to highlight the differences between how the policy‐making institutions in the United States (Congress and the Public Administration) and technology and transportation experts are or are not speaking about responsibility in the context of autonomous systems technologies. We report findings from a big data analysis of corpus‐level documents to find that enthusiasm for HAVs has outpaced other discussions of the technology. 监管自治:评估关于高度自动化汽车的政策语言 自动驾驶汽车(也被称为无人驾驶汽车、自动汽车和高度自动化汽车(HAVS))将对有关汽车的监管框架、政治框架和道德框架产生显著作用。处于最高级别的自动化,这些汽车的运行由独立机器部件完成,后者能在没有人类直接监管或干预的情况下作出决定。当前运输系统的预测基于人类操纵者的法律责任和道德责任。HAVS则对该预测发起了挑战。运输系统正由以人为中心的系统转向由人类和机器共同合作的系统。这些人工智能(AI)和自主系统(AS)的发展已超越了关于这些技术的道德交流和政治交流了吗?是否存在一个用于应对这些独立的,非人类智能体的过程和框架?本文审视了围绕发展中汽车技术、司机责任和技术失败的相关探讨,以探索并对比政策制定者和技术专家之间的差异。笔者描述了美国主要政策制定机构——即国会和公共行政——如何谈论/或不谈论自主系统技术。笔者聚焦于每个机构在探讨HAVS背景下相关责任时所使用的语言。针对一项关于四个政策机构语料库文档的大数据评论,笔者得出研究发现:对技术所持的热情已超越了有关技术的政策讨论和道德讨论。 Regulación de la autonomía: una evaluación del lenguaje de políticas para vehículos altamente automatizados Los automóviles autónomos (también conocidos como automóviles sin conductor, vehículos autónomos y vehículos altamente automatizados (HAV)) tendrán un efecto significativo en los marcos normativos, políticos y éticos que rodean a los vehículos de motor. En los niveles más altos de automatización, estos vehículos son operados por agentes de máquinas independientes, capaces de tomar decisiones sin la supervisión directa o las intervenciones de los seres humanos. El sistema de transporte actual se basa en la responsabilidad legal y moral de los operadores humanos. Los HAV potencialmente desafían este supuesto. El sistema de transporte está cambiando de un sistema centrado en el ser humano a uno en el que los humanos y las máquinas deben cooperar. ¿El desarrollo de estas tecnologías de inteligencia artificial (AI) y sistema autónomo (AS) ha superado las conversaciones éticas y políticas que rodean a estas tecnologías? ¿Tenemos un proceso y un marco para tratar con estos agentes independientes, no humanos? Este documento analiza las discusiones sobre el desarrollo de tecnologías de vehículos, la responsabilidad del conductor y el fallo de la tecnología para explorar y contrastar las diferencias entre los responsables políticos y los expertos técnicos. Aquí describimos cómo las principales instituciones de formulación de políticas en los Estados Unidos, el Congreso y la Administración Pública, hablan o no sobre tecnologías de sistemas autónomos. Nos centramos en el lenguaje que usa cada institución para discutir la responsabilidad en el contexto de los HAV. Informamos los resultados de una revisión de macrodatos de documentos a nivel de corpus de cuatro instituciones políticas para descubrir que el entusiasmo por la tecnología ha superado la política y la discusión ética de la tecnología.

Suggested Citation

  • Beth‐Anne Schuelke‐Leech & Sara R. Jordan & Betsy Barry, 2019. "Regulating Autonomy: An Assessment of Policy Language for Highly Automated Vehicles," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 36(4), pages 547-579, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:547-579
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12332
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    Cited by:

    1. Khan, Shah Khalid & Shiwakoti, Nirajan & Stasinopoulos, Peter & Warren, Matthew, 2023. "Cybersecurity regulatory challenges for connected and automated vehicles – State-of-the-art and future directions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 58-71.
    2. Shengxing Yang, 2022. "A systematic literature review on the disruptions of artificial intelligence within the business world: in terms of the evolution of competences [Une revue systématique de la littérature sur les bo," Post-Print hal-03694170, HAL.

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