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Time and Risk Diversification in Real Estate Investments: Assessing the Ex Post Economic Value

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  • Carolina Fugazza
  • Massimo Guidolin
  • Giovanna Nicodano

Abstract

Welfare gains to long‐horizon investors may derive from time diversification that exploits nonzero intertemporal return correlations associated with predictable returns. Real estate may thus become more desirable if its returns are negatively serially correlated. While it could be important for long‐horizon investors, time diversification has been mostly investigated in asset menus without real estate and focusing on in‐sample experiments. This article evaluates, ex post, the out‐of‐sample gains from diversification when equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) belong to the investment opportunity set. We find that diversification into REITs increases both the Sharpe ratio and the certainty equivalent of wealth for all investment horizons and for both classical and Bayesian (who account for parameter uncertainty) investors. The increases in Sharpe ratios are often statistically significant. However, the out‐of‐sample average Sharpe ratio and realized expected utility of long‐horizon portfolios are frequently lower than that of a one‐period portfolio, which casts doubt on the value of time diversification.

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  • Carolina Fugazza & Massimo Guidolin & Giovanna Nicodano, 2009. "Time and Risk Diversification in Real Estate Investments: Assessing the Ex Post Economic Value," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 37(3), pages 341-381, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:37:y:2009:i:3:p:341-381
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00245.x
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    3. Massimo Guidolin & Alexei G. Orlov, 2022. "Can Investors Benefit from Hedge Fund Strategies? Utility-Based, Out-of-Sample Evidence," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 12(03), pages 1-61, September.
    4. Cherif Famara Badji & Cristiane Benetti & Renato Guimaraes, 2021. "Diversification Benefits of European REIT, Equities and Bonds," Post-Print hal-03592183, HAL.
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    6. Massimo Guidolin & Manuela Pedio & Milena T. Petrova, 2023. "The Predictability of Real Estate Excess Returns: An Out-of-Sample Economic Value Analysis," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 67(1), pages 108-149, July.
    7. Fabio C. Bagliano & Carolina Fugazza & Giovanna Nicodano, 2014. "Optimal Life-Cycle Portfolios for Heterogeneous Workers," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 18(6), pages 2283-2323.
    8. Paul M Anglin & Yanmin Gao, 2011. "Integrating Illiquid Assets into the Portfolio Decision Process," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 39(2), pages 277-311, June.
    9. Massimo Guidolin & Giovanna Nicodano, 2010. "Ex Post Portfolio Performance with Predictable Skewness and Kurtosis," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 191, Collegio Carlo Alberto.
    10. Mensi, Walid & Reboredo, Juan C. & Ugolini, Andrea & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2022. "Switching connectedness between real estate investment trusts, oil, and gold markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    11. Carolina Fugazza & Massimo Guidolin & Giovanna Nicodano, 2015. "Equally Weighted vs. Long†Run Optimal Portfolios," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 21(4), pages 742-789, September.
    12. Bonato, Matteo & Çepni, Oğuzhan & Gupta, Rangan & Pierdzioch, Christian, 2021. "Do oil-price shocks predict the realized variance of U.S. REITs?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    13. George Yungchih Wang, 2012. "Evaluating an Investment Project in an Incomplete Market," The Review of Finance and Banking, Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti, Romania / Facultatea de Finante, Asigurari, Banci si Burse de Valori / Catedra de Finante, vol. 4(1), pages 055-073, June.
    14. Mohamed Arouri & Duc Khuong Nguyen & Kuntara Pukthuanthong, 2014. "Diversification benefits and strategic portfolio allocation across asset classes: The case of the US markets," Working Papers 2014-294, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    15. Charles-Olivier Amédée-Manesme & Fabrice Barthélémy & Jean-Luc Prigent & Donald Keenan & Mahdi Mokrane, 2017. "Modified Sharpe Ratios in Real Estate Performance Measurement: Beyond the Standard Cornish Fisher Expansion," THEMA Working Papers 2017-20, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
    16. Colin Lizieri & Gianluca Marcato & Paul Ogden & Andrew Baum, 2012. "Pricing Inefficiencies in Private Real Estate Markets Using Total Return Swaps," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 774-803, October.
    17. Agyemang, Abraham & Chowdhury, Iftekhar & Balli, Faruk, 2021. "Quantifying Return Spillovers in Global Real Estate Markets," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
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    19. Yener Cos‚kun & A. Sevtap Selcuk-Kestel & Bilgi Yilmaz, 2017. "Diversification benefit and return performance of REITs using CAPM and Fama-French: Evidence from Turkey," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 17(4), pages 199-215, December.

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    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • L85 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Real Estate Services

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