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How Banks Price Loans to Public‐Private Partnerships: Evidence from the European Markets

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  • Frederic Blanc‐Brude
  • Roger Strange

Abstract

This article presents the findings of a recent analysis of the drivers of credit spreads in project finance loans to public‐private partnerships, or PPPs, an increasingly popular form of procurement worldwide. PPPs are project finance transactions in which project output is a function of government policy in fields such as health, transport, and education. Because of the controversy that now surrounds the use of private finance in PPPs, understanding the determinants of the cost of debt in such highly leveraged projects is of interest to policy makers as well as originators and participants in the transactions. Using a large sample of credit spreads on debt extended to PPP projects in Europe over the past 15 years, the authors' study reports that market risk is the only significant driver of PPP debt credit spreads in a large portfolio of PPP debt; at the same time, technical risks appear to be diversified “away” by the structuring of the projects. Most important, and contrary to standard debt pricing models, factors like loan size, maturity, and leverage do not show up as significant determinants of the cost of debt in PPPs, reflecting a high degree of confidence by lenders that loans will be repaid or recovered. These results support the view that the use of project finance in PPPs is premised on effective risk management as well as confidence in the private sector's ability to manage public projects.

Suggested Citation

  • Frederic Blanc‐Brude & Roger Strange, 2007. "How Banks Price Loans to Public‐Private Partnerships: Evidence from the European Markets," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 19(4), pages 94-106, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jacrfn:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:94-106
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6622.2007.00163.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Miranda Sarmento, J. & Renneboog, L.D.R., 2014. "Anatomy of Public-Private Partnerships : Their Creation, Financing, and Renegotiations," Discussion Paper 2014-017, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    2. Avner Offer, 2018. "Patient and impatient capital: time horizons as market boundaries," Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers _165, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    3. Fernando Camacho & Carlos Oliveira Cruz, 2022. "Toll road sector in Brazil: Regulation by contract and recent innovations," Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, , vol. 23(2), pages 135-152, June.
    4. Firouzi, Afshin & Meshkani, Ali, 2021. "Risk-based optimization of the debt service schedule in renewable energy project finance," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    5. Gabriel J. Power & Issouf Soumaré & Djerry C. Tandja M., 2022. "Certification by financial and legal advisors in private debt markets," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 57(4), pages 893-923, November.
    6. João Pinto & Mário Coutinho dos Santos, 2014. "Corporate Financing Choices after the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 03, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    7. Krzysztof Wasowski, 2013. "Analiza wspolpracy sektora publicznego z doradcami zewnetrznymi w realizacji projektow w systemie koncesyjnym oraz w formie partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego w Polsce (Analysis of public sector coopera," Problemy Zarzadzania, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 11(43), pages 136-155.
    8. Megginson, William L., 2010. "Introduction to the special issue on project finance," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 47-48, April.
    9. Pinto, João M. & Alves, Paulo P., 2016. "Project finance in Europe: An overview and discussion of key drivers," EIB Working Papers 2016/04, European Investment Bank (EIB).
    10. Marques, Manuel O. & Pinto, João M., 2020. "A comparative analysis of ex ante credit spreads: Structured finance versus straight debt finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    11. Chung, Demi & Hensher, David A. & Rose, John M., 2010. "Toward the betterment of risk allocation: Investigating risk perceptions of Australian stakeholder groups to public-private-partnership tollroad projects," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 43-58.
    12. Francesco Corielli & Stefano Gatti & Alessandro Steffanoni, 2010. "Risk Shifting through Nonfinancial Contracts: Effects on Loan Spreads and Capital Structure of Project Finance Deals," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(7), pages 1295-1320, October.
    13. Cruz, Carlos Oliveira & Sarmento, Joaquim Miranda, 2018. "The price of project finance loans for highways," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 161-172.
    14. Wouter Thierie & Lieven Moor, 2016. "The characteristics of infrastructure as an investment class," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 30(3), pages 277-297, August.
    15. João Pinto, 2014. "What is Project Finance?," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 01, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    16. Alessandra Cepparulo & Giuseppe Eusepi & Luisa Giuriato, 2024. "Public Finance, Fiscal Rules and Public–Private Partnerships: Lessons for Post-COVID-19 Investment Plans," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 66(1), pages 191-213, March.
    17. Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Andrés, 2020. "Probabilidad de incumplimiento en inversiones de infraestructura: análisis a partir de modelos estructurales de riesgo de crédito || Probability of default in infrastructure projects: analysis from st," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 30(1), pages 327-345, December.
    18. Vasyl Demianyshyn & Bohdana Shuliuk, 2023. "Formation and Use of the System of Financial Incentives for the Development of Partnership between the State and Business," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 3, pages 88-103.
    19. João Pinto & Luís Pacheco & Paulo Alves & M. Ricardo Cunha, 2016. "How banks price loans in leveraged buy-outs: an empirical analysis of spreads determinants," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 04, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    20. Miranda Sarmento, J.J. & Renneboog, Luc, 2016. "Anatomy of public-private partnerships : Creation, financing, and renegotiations," Other publications TiSEM dc944be7-8594-4439-90da-6, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    21. William L. Megginson, 2010. "Introduction to the special issue on project finance," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(2), pages 47-48, April.
    22. Valerio Buscaino & Stefano Caselli & Francesco Corielli & Stefano Gatti, 2012. "Project Finance Collateralised Debt Obligations: an Empirical Analysis of Spread Determinants," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 18(5), pages 950-969, November.
    23. Oliveira, Matheus & Ribeiro, Joana & Macário, Rosário, 2016. "Are we planning investments to fail? Consequences of traffic forecast effects on PPP contracts: Portuguese and Brazilian cases," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 167-174.
    24. Jakob Müllner, 2017. "International project finance: review and implications for international finance and international business," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 67(2), pages 97-133, April.

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