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Exports of Fruit and Vegetables from Morocco and other Mediterranean Countries to the EU: Some Policy Recommendations from the Covid Pandemic

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  • Fabio G. Santeramo
  • Emilia Lamonaca

Abstract

The inward flows of fruits and vegetables in the European Union are regulated by the import regime, consisting of a system of quotas and Entry Prices. The effectiveness of this trade policy has been under investigation since the early 2000s and is (still) debated. The pandemic has offered new insights. Growth in trade of fruit and vegetables (F&V) in the Mediterranean region, especially in Morocco, slowed down during the Covid‐19 crisis. While reductions in trade of F&V are likely to be associated with shocks caused by the pandemic, the long‐lasting effects of a well‐established system of policy interventions in the sector should not be neglected. In other words, the effects of the Covid pandemic have only altered the volumes of F&V trade from Mediterranean countries. However, the continued occurrence of excess (low priced) imports of F&V from the Mediterranean region reinforces policy recommendations that point at the need to reform trade policy. The EU import regime should be simplified, by relaxing the controls on prices of imported F&V, and by negotiating off‐season import quotas. The former would shrink running costs while the latter would lower competition among EU producers and Mediterranean exporters. Les flux entrants de fruits et légumes dans l'Union européenne sont régulés par le régime d'importation, composé d'un système de quotas et de prix d'entrée. L'efficacité de cette politique commerciale fait l'objet d’études depuis le début des années 2000 et est (encore) débattue. La pandémie a apporté de nouvelles considérations. La croissance des échanges de fruits et légumes dans la région méditerranéenne, notamment au Maroc, a ralenti pendant la crise du COVID‐19. Même si ces réductions seront probablement associées aux chocs provoqués par la pandémie, les effets à long terme d'un système bien établi d'interventions publiques dans le secteur ne doivent pas être négligés. En d'autres termes, les effets de la pandémie de COVID n'ont fait que modifier les volumes d’échanges de fruits et légumes en provenance des pays méditerranéens. Cependant, la persistance d'importations excédentaires (à bas prix) de fruits et légumes en provenance de la région méditerranéenne renforce les recommandations d'action publique qui soulignent la nécessité de réformer la politique commerciale. Le régime d'importation de l'Union européenne devrait être simplifié, en assouplissant les contrôles sur les prix des fruits et légumes importés et en négociant des quotas d'importation hors saison. La première action réduirait les coûts de fonctionnement tandis que la seconde réduirait la concurrence entre les producteurs européens et les exportateurs méditerranéens. Die Einfuhr von Obst und Gemüse in die Europäische Union wird durch Einfuhrvorschriften, die aus einem System von Quoten und Einfuhrpreisen bestehen, geregelt. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Handelspolitik wird seit Anfang der 2000er Jahre untersucht und ist umstritten. Die Pandemie hat neue Erkenntnisse gebracht. Das Wachstum des Handels mit Obst und Gemüse im Mittelmeerraum, insbesondere in Marokko, hat sich während der COVID‐19‐Krise verlangsamt. Während der Rückgang des Handels mit Obst und Gemüse wahrscheinlich mit den durch die Pandemie verursachten Schocks zusammenhängt, sollten die langfristigen Auswirkungen eines gut etablierten Systems politischer Interventionen in diesem Sektor nicht vernachlässigt werden. Mit anderen Worten: Die Auswirkungen der COVID‐Pandemie haben nur den Umfang des Handels mit Obst und Gemüse aus den Mittelmeerländern verändert. Das anhaltende Auftreten überschüssiger (Niedrigpreis‐)Einfuhren von Obst und Gemüse aus dem Mittelmeerraum unterstreicht jedoch die politischen Empfehlungen, die auf die Notwendigkeit einer Reform der Handelspolitik hinweisen. Die EU‐Einfuhrregelung sollte vereinfacht werden, indem die Preiskontrollen für eingeführtem Obst und Gemüse gelockert und Einfuhrkontingente außerhalb der Saison ausgehandelt werden. Ersteres würde die laufenden Kosten senken, während letzteres den Wettbewerb zwischen den EU‐Erzeugern und den Händlern im Mittelmeerraum verringern würde.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabio G. Santeramo & Emilia Lamonaca, 2024. "Exports of Fruit and Vegetables from Morocco and other Mediterranean Countries to the EU: Some Policy Recommendations from the Covid Pandemic," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 23(1), pages 67-72, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:23:y:2024:i:1:p:67-72
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12412
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    References listed on IDEAS

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