Politicas agrarias y gestion de riesgos: una aproximacion global

Este trabajo identifica los principales retos y lineas directrices de las politicas gubernamentales en el campo de la gestion de riesgos en la agricultura, con particular enfasis en las buenas practicas politicas en un entorno internacional, Se desarrollan cuatro ideas principales. Primera, una buena politicas y un buen analisis de politicas requiren una aproximacion "global". Maxime porque los riesgos estan interrelacionados e interactuan con las estrategias del productor y con los programas y regulaciones del gobierno. SEgunda, el objectivo ultimo de la politica gubernamental, este motivado por fallos de mercado o por razones de equidad, necesita identificarse con precision para analizar su ambito y naturaleza, y determinar asi las medidas mas apropiadas. Tercera, debe tenerse en cuenta el contexto de todas las medidas de apoyo a la agricultura porque existen potenciales efectos erlacionados con la gestion del riesgo, asociados con la mayoria de las formas de apoyo. Esta necesidad es particularmente evidente en los paises de la OCDE con altos niveles de apoyo a la agricultura. Cuarta, las medidas de gestion del riesgo deben respetar las disciplinas de los acuerdos internacionales, en particular, el Acuerdo sobre la Agricultura de la Organizacion Internacional del Comercio. La OCDE ha identificado algunas lineas directrices en este campo...This paper discusses the main issues and driving forces of government policies in the area of risk management in agriculture, with particular emphasis on good policy practices and the international environment. Four main ideas are developed. First, good policy and good analysis requires a holistic approach. This is particularly so in this policy area because risks interact prominently with both farm household strategies and government programs and regulations in terms of risk reduction impacts and the development of market tools and strategies. Second, the rational for government actions which are based on market failure or equity concerns need to be defined in order to analyze its nature and scope, as well as to develop appropriate government measures. Third, the context of all support measures to agriculture must be considered because there are potential risk-related effects associated with most forms of support, particularly in OECD countries with high level of support to agriculture. Fourth, risk management measures need to comply with international agreements, particularly the Agreement on Agriculture of the World Trade Organization. Implications for good policy in this are have been already drafted by OECD and are useful for policy analysis.