Determinación De La Rentabilidad De Trigo En Sonora Ciclo 2021-2022

Wheat occupies an important place in the feeding of humanity and is, together with corn and rice, the demanded ones, Sonora ranks first in wheat production at the national level with an area of 236.5 thousand hectares, with 42.7% of the planted area and with a yield per hectare of 7.28 ton. To analyze the profitability of wheat planting, the production costs were taken, showing the different inputs that were used, ranging from land preparation, seed, fertilization, water, pest control, diseases and weeds, harvest and various among which are technical assistance, agricultural insurance, administration, among others. The total costs of the crop were $29,903, to which was added the financial cost of $2,055 for a total of $31,958, which was compared to the income obtained, taking as reference an average yield of 6.5 tons per hectare and at a price of $6,000. per ton served to carry out the profitability analysis. Financial tools were used to determine its profitability such as working capital, financial cost, benefit-cost ratio, break-even point and sensitivity analysis; Based on this, it was obtained that the necessary working capital to develop the crop was $29,158; the benefit-cost ratio was 1.22, the break-even point was 5.3 ton/ha and the sensitivity analysis showed that the producer can have optimal scenarios with good prices and yields compared to very low prices and lower yields. With these indicators it is observed that the producer can develop the crop with little risk by obtaining acceptable income in addition to being a cereal that occupies the first place in the area planted in Sonora, especially in the south of the state where the irrigation system is of gravity which benefits in a lower production cost since this input represents approximately 22% of the total cost.