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Infrared fingerprints of few-layer black phosphorus

Author

Listed:
  • Guowei Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures)

  • Shenyang Huang

    (State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures)

  • Andrey Chaves

    (Universidade Federal do Ceará
    Columbia University)

  • Chaoyu Song

    (State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures)

  • V. Ongun Özçelik

    (Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University)

  • Tony Low

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Hugen Yan

    (State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures)

Abstract

Black phosphorus is an infrared layered material. Its bandgap complements other widely studied two-dimensional materials: zero-gap graphene and visible/near-infrared gap transition metal dichalcogenides. Although highly desirable, a comprehensive infrared characterization is still lacking. Here we report a systematic infrared study of mechanically exfoliated few-layer black phosphorus, with thickness ranging from 2 to 15 layers and photon energy spanning from 0.25 to 1.36 eV. Each few-layer black phosphorus exhibits a thickness-dependent unique infrared spectrum with a series of absorption resonances, which reveals the underlying electronic structure evolution and serves as its infrared fingerprints. Surprisingly, unexpected absorption features, which are associated with the forbidden optical transitions, have been observed. Furthermore, we unambiguously demonstrate that controllable uniaxial strain can be used as a convenient and effective approach to tune the electronic structure of few-layer black phosphorus. Our study paves the way for black phosphorus applications in infrared photonics and optoelectronics.

Suggested Citation

  • Guowei Zhang & Shenyang Huang & Andrey Chaves & Chaoyu Song & V. Ongun Özçelik & Tony Low & Hugen Yan, 2017. "Infrared fingerprints of few-layer black phosphorus," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-9, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:8:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms14071
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14071
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