IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i21p11602-d660844.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Discovery of Polyvalent Myovirus (vB_STM-2) Phage as a Natural Antimicrobial System to Lysis and Biofilm Removal of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates from Various Food Sources

Author

Listed:
  • Iman M. A. Abdelhadi

    (Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt)

  • Ahmed R. Sofy

    (Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt)

  • Ahmed A. Hmed

    (Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt)

  • Ehab E. Refaey

    (Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt)

  • Hany E. Soweha

    (Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt)

  • Mohamed A. Abbas

    (Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt)

Abstract

New and natural antimicrobials as an alternative control system are now an urgent need to overcome stubborn bacterial infections. Salmonella Typhimurium has become the most frequent serovar responsible for salmonellosis in humans around the world. The high antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production make this pathogen more dangerous. We aimed to isolate a broad lytic phage to prevent Salmonella infection and reduce its biofilms. Using Salmonella Typhimurium (ST-4) as a host, seven phages were isolated, and only three phages showed clear lytic plaques, two members of the Siphoviridae family (vB_STS-1 and vB_STS-3) and one of the Myoviridae family (vB_STM-2). The vB_STM-2 phage was the most potent broad lytic phage, infecting 100% of tested Salmonella Typhimurium serovars and non- Salmonella strains. Additionally, the vB_STM-2 phage was thermostable at −20 to 55 °C up to 24 h, while at 65 and 75 °C, a significant ( p < 0.05) titer reduction was observed after 7 days. Moreover, the phage seemed to be stable at different pHs (4–11) after one to twelve hours (hrs), while increasing the time made the phage more sensitive to the alkaline medium rather than the acidic medium. Interestingly, the vB_STM-2 phage had the capacity to diminish or eradicate the biofilms of tested Salmonella Typhimurium, e.g., ST-4, ST-19, ST-30, ST-37, ST-45 and ST-49 by 81.2%, 76.4%, 43.6%, 41%, 39.8% and 93.4%, respectively, at a titer concentration of 10 6 PFU/mL. Eventually, the vB_STM-2 phage showed significant ( p < 0.05) efficacy in the elimination of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST-4) from contaminated chicken breasts at both storage periods with high titer stability. The Salmonella count showed a severe decline from 7.00 ± 0.63 log 10 CFU/cm 2 to 0.88 ± 0.17 log 10 CFU/cm 2 on the seventh day of the short-term storage, and from 5.13 ± 0.44 log 10 CFU/cm 2 to 1.10 ± 0.12 log 10 CFU/cm 2 on day 27 of the long-term assay. In both periods, the phage titers remained stable, with insignificant ( p < 0.05) loss. Therefore, this phage is considered a prime candidate to combat multi-drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and its biofilms.

Suggested Citation

  • Iman M. A. Abdelhadi & Ahmed R. Sofy & Ahmed A. Hmed & Ehab E. Refaey & Hany E. Soweha & Mohamed A. Abbas, 2021. "Discovery of Polyvalent Myovirus (vB_STM-2) Phage as a Natural Antimicrobial System to Lysis and Biofilm Removal of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates from Various Food Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-21, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11602-:d:660844
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11602/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11602/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11602-:d:660844. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.