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Ost-West-Migrations-Potential: Wie Gross Ist Es?

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Author Info
Straubhaar, Thomas
Abstract

Wie viele Menschen aus den mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern (MOEL) werden von dem mit dem EU-Beitritt verbundenen Recht auf Freizügigkeit Gebrauch machen und nach Westen in die "alten" EU-Länder wandern? Die vorgestellten Simulationen ergeben eine Bandbreite für das Ost-West-Migrationspotential in der Grössenordnung von brutto jährlich 0,2% bis 0,4% der mittel- und osteuropäischen Bevölkerung, die bei einer Nettobetrachtung (unter Einbezug der Rückwanderungen) auf rund 0,1% der Bevölkerung schmilzt. Hochgerechnet auf eine erste EU-Erweiterungswelle, ergibt sich für die MOEL-8 (Slowenien, Tschechien, Ungarn, Slowakei, Polen, Estland, Litauen, Lettland) ein Ost-West-Migrations-potential, das in 15 Jahren brutto etwa 3%-4% und netto etwa die Hälfte, nämlich 1½%-2% der Bevölkerung der MOEL-8 erreicht. Dies sind rund 3 Millionen Menschen (brutto) bzw. 1-1½ Millionen Menschen (netto). Anders herum gesehen, entsprechen diese drei Millionen Menschen gerade einmal 0,8 % der EU-Bevölkerung. Mit Blick auf die zu erwartende Schrumpfung der Bevölkerung in den heutigen EU-15 Ländern und dem damit einhergehenden Alterungsprozess dürften diese Zuwanderungsbewegungen kaum negativ ins Gewicht fallen. Von einer "Völkerwanderung" kann also keine Rede sein! How many people from Central and Eastern Europe (CEEC) will go West making use of the free movement of people after the EU East enlargement? An extrapolation of the empirical experience of the EU South enlargement shows that the emigration potential might reach a corridor between 0.2% to 0.4% of total CEEC-population per year. Annual net migraton (including return migration) might be about 0.1% of total CEEC-population. If we assume that in a first wave 8 countries from CEEC will become EU members (i.e. Slovenia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia), the East-West migration potential will be about 3%-4% (gross) and 1½%-2% (net) of the total CEEC-population within the first 15 years after accession. This is about 3 million people (gross) resp. 1 to 1.5 million people (net) or about 0.8% of the total EU population. Therefore, fears of "mass migration" seem highly exaggerated. Muchmore, with regard to the decline of the EU population and the ageing of the society the expected East-West-migration potentials will generate rather positive consequences.

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Paper provided by Hamburg Institute of International Economics in its series Discussion Paper Series with number 26334.

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Date of creation: 2001
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Handle: RePEc:ags:hiiedp:26334

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Keywords: Labor and Human Capital;

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Michael Fertig, 2001. "The economic impact of EU-enlargement: assessing the migration potential," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 707-720. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Thomas Bauer & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 1999. "Assessment of Possible Migration Pressure and its Labour Market Impact Following EU Enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe," IZA Research Reports 3, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  3. Ralph Rotte & Michael Vogler, 2000. "The effects of development on migration: Theoretical issues and new empirical evidence," Journal of Population Economics, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 485-508. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Fertig, Michael & Schmidt, Christoph M., 2000. "Aggregate-Level Migration Studies as a Tool for Forecasting Future Migration Streams," IZA Discussion Papers 183, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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